Evaluating Business Communication Essay

This paper incorporates the impression of four communiquã ©s. This sort of recognition is a portrayal of whether these reports are precise, moral, and in the right arrangement. This paper gives a depiction of the type of administration and the precision of the reports in this kind of authority. When composing a business communiquã © an individual needs to think about a few factors. The reason, crowd, and authority sort of the organization must be viewed as when providing details regarding a choice. This paper incorporates the audit of the four communiquã ©s and shows choices on reports where or not they were exact, and right in the detailing styles utilized. The following is the breakdown of this supposition on the reports. In this paper, there are four communiquã ©s that were explored which comprised of an email, letter, formal report, and a reminder. These reports passed on that the procurement being referred to ought not continue. This report incorporates the explanation behind not proceeding in all the reports, and the right configuration of casual or formal was utilized in each. It is viewed as that the proper report to the organization Chief Executive Officer was the right arrangement, yet the letter, email, and reminder could have been replaceable for sending this data to the promoting administrator, bookkeeping companions, or project lead. Then again, since these reports were composed by the staff bookkeeper and the bookkeeping supervisor, it made every one of these representatives equivalent in position to the individuals they were relating with, in this way the casual report was right. The reports could be improved by a few different ways. One route is to incorporate the quantities of the working costs and deals that are referenced, and the other would be a clarification of the ghost stock that the staff bookkeeper accepts is being accounted for. This would be a significant point to include. Explanation s of benefits and misfortunes are incorporated, yet there is no data to back the data up. Accordingly, it would be critical to see precisely what the bookkeeping staff has found. Too little data is utilized in every one of these reports. When composing these communiquã ©s, it is accepted that since the organization workers utilize the fair style initiative and most have assisted with this choice, that an official choice for the suggestion will expectedly accompany numerous beneficiaries of these communiquã ©s, so the manner in which these reports are designed is satisfactory and doesn't speak to a style not the same as the organization style. Understudies likewise took a gander at moral ramifications of sending this data through reports in the organization. This data is significant and moral to send, in light of the fact that these reports are for workers who are engaged with the procurement of the organization. Simultaneously, each report must incorporate the data must be stayed with private inside the main. This could bring about a claim if the other organization is influenced and chooses to discover another purchaser later on. Taking everything into account, the assessed communiquã ©s were finished in the data that should have been clarified, didn't have any data that was a bit much, and was in the right arrangement for each proposed beneficiary. References Correspondence and the Audience. Robin Guffey, Mike Dowd, Amy Shepherd, and Jenni Lindsay. (2011). Recovered from University of Phoenix Online, Business Communications of Accountants site. Bookkeeping Scenario. College of Phoenix. (2011). Recovered from University of Phoenix, Business Communication of Accounting site.

Hire With your Head Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Recruit With your Head - Essay Example Furthermore, there are likewise legitimate expenses and moral contemplations any association may look because of a poor recruiting process. It, in this way, is basic to make the procedure as impeccable as conceivable through posing the correct inquiry, testing the right aptitudes and finding out the best capabilities. In normal circumstances, discovering great individuals that coordinate desires demonstrate troublesome. Subsequently, most associations stagger to the ground notwithstanding having qualified people (Alder 178). Every one of these issues point back to the employing procedure, which may be costly with respect to circumstance and cash. In this light, the paper takes a profound understanding at section 6 of Lou Alder’s book Hire with your head. †¢ Evidently, Lou Alder is a senior corporate official experienced in finding, assessing, recruiting and acclimatizing new representatives into the workplace. Through his book Hire with your head, a precise methodology wins for finding and welcoming on board new representatives of extraordinary abilities and efficiency. Outstandingly, the recruiting procedure is confused by Alders book rearranges the constant procedure. †¢ Interviewers frequently botch the main competitors and affirm them for the key positions. Basically, Alder respects, these basic mix-ups as genuine employing issues that hold an inappropriate competitors while the correct applicants face removal. The primary meeting is a road for gathering data and not a dynamic stage. Any meeting that incites selection of choices at the main stage deteriorates or change the recruiting procedure.

Advertising Techniques to Lower Ad Spend

Advertising Techniques to Lower Ad Spend Look at the financial statements, specifically the expense reports and budget plans, of any business, and you will find that they have allocated certain significant amounts on advertising.Some may have spent more than others, while others may have done so sparingly, and that could be due to various reasons. Advertising is considered to be one of the necessary expenses of a business.In order to advertise or gain exposure for your product or brand, you have to spend some money. That is what we call Ad Spend. © Shutterstock | safriibrahimIn this article, we will 1) check what do you know about ad spend and 2) how to effectively lower your ad spend with the right advertising strategies.WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT AD SPEND?Ad Spend, which is short for “advertising expenditure,” is literally the amount of money that is spent by a business, company or organization on advertising and announcements for a product, service, brand or activity. Usually, the figure presented is on an annual basis.In this digital age, there are those who are under the impression that digital advertising expenditure should be differentiated from the expenses incurred in traditional advertisement, and the former is what truly composes what we now call ad spend. This notion is not entirely correct, because ad spend also covers spending on advertising media other than digital or online advertising.So what constitutes Ad Spend?Basically, anything that is classified as “advertising expense”. Depending on the marketing and advertising strategies of the company, it may include spending on the main advertising channels such as print (e.g. newspapers, magazines), television, and radio. If the company also advertises in movie theaters and outdoor drive-in cinemas, these expenses will also be classified as ad spend. Other forms of outdoor advertising will also fall as part of ad spend.If you look at how Procter Gamble defines it, ad spend is composed of advertising through traditional media (print and television), online advertising, in-store advertising via displays or third party vendors, and agency fees paid to advertising agencies and professionals. It excludes, however, the salaries and benefits paid to its marketers.Controlling Ads SpendingControlling business spending, in general, is easier said than done. In order to earn profit, you have to be willing to spend some money. That is a given. You cannot keep a tight grip on your company’s purse strings, refusing to spend more than you have to o r want to, and expect revenues to pour in. That is not how it works.However, this does not mean that you have to completely let go of your grip and splurge on business expenditures. You have to control your spending, and one of the areas where businesses find themselves having trouble controlling their expenses is in advertising.The first step to lowering ad spend is to set a budget and to stick to it. It is important to set a spending limit on how much you are willing to spend on advertising your products, services, brand or projects.When setting an advertising budget, some of the factors to be considered are:Advertising strategies of competitors. If competitors are spending tons of money on their advertising, does this mean you have to do the same? Not necessarily. What you have to do is study how your competitors are advertising, and where. Information on how much they are actually spending on ads may not be readily available to you, so what you can do is make an estimate out of your observation of their advertising. You may use that estimate as your benchmark, and find ways to be competitive without necessarily matching their cost.Your company’s advertising objectives. What do you want to achieve by the end of the year? Do you want to increase the number of customers you have by 15%? How much revenue do you expect to earn from this? The estimate may then be used to set a budget for advertising.Your previous years’ ads spending. If your business has been operating for several years already, you can use historical information. How much have you spent on advertising in the past three to five years? Were you satisfied with the results of incurring such costs? Do you need to increase or decrease your ads spending? By what fraction?Budgeting is not the only way for you to control ads spending, since you may also employ advertising techniques to reduce this type of expense.Get some overview on the biggest advertising channels, advertising trends, and benchmar ks from the following slides.[slideshare id=50977127doc=digitaladspendingbenchmarksbyindustry-thecompleteemarketerseriesfor2015-150727161827-lva1-app6892type=dw=640h=330]HOW TO LOWER AD SPEND THROUGH ADVERTISINGA. Evaluate your advertising placements or locationsYou may not know it, but you may be spending your advertising budget on an area or location where you do not have customers. Think about it. You are selling winter clothes, but a great chunk of your advertising is spent in a country that does not even have winter or snow. That’s a huge waste of ad spend right there.From the market studies and research you conducted when starting the business, you already know who your target market is â€" geographically and demographically. These are the areas and groups of people that you should target with your advertising.More often than not, the location considerations will include the following:The country or nation where your target consumers are.The state in the country where your t arget consumers live in.The specific city or cities where your consumers are.Be as specific as you can. You want to be able to reach as many of your potential customers as you can.By identifying and evaluating the locations of your target market, you can choose where to spend the bulk of your ads spending, and where to spend less. It is time to pull out all winter wear ads from that tropical country and turn them instead to your customers in the North.The same is true when considering physical placement of ad signs and materials. A LED screen featuring footage of a product ad situated overlooking a major intersection or thoroughfare will definitely cost more than a simple poster hung on a sidewalk in a sidestreet. Again, consider the product and the market.If your target customers do not really frequent that thoroughfare and they are more the type to walk through that sidewalk, it won’t make sense to spend thousands of dollars on a billboard or LED screen advertisement.B. Evaluate your advertising timing or schedulingHow often, and how long, do you run your ads? Is it 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 4 weeks a month, 365 days of the year? While this idea gives your advertising department an easy time, since they will just let them run without bothering to work out a schedule, it may be costing you.There are periods known as downtimes, where the ads are not generating clicks. Or, even if they are generating clicks, there are no significant conversions that come out of these clicks. Running ads during these periods is a waste of resources.In social media advertising, run your campaign at times when your target market is online. There is no point running your ads when the people you are trying to reach are not there, to begin with. If you are a company with customers living in a different time zone, make sure you run the campaign when they are awake on the other side of the world. This may require some sacrifice on your part, as you have to be awake when everyone on your time zone is asleep, but that is unavoidable.Change it up a little. Maybe you thought your ad has killer content. “Nobody could possibly resist it” or “they are definitely going to like it and be intrigued by it”. Well, that kind of thinking may not last. Target markets are naturally fickle and may have short attention spans, so they may end up being bored after being exposed to the same ad for a specific period. That’s why it is a good idea to have several versions of the ads, so you can offer variety. You do not want your target market to get tired of you too quickly.Do not get too attached. This is somehow related to the previous tip. No matter how much you believe in the content of your ad, there will come a time when you have to face facts and admit that it is no longer engaging the market. It has already run its course and now performing poorly, which means it is only wasting your ad spend. Pull it out and replace it with something new, instead of spending y our advertising budget on something that is no longer generating any return.Once you have identified the times when clicks and conversions are high, you know which schedule to run your paid ads on. That way, you do not waste precious ad spend on advertisements that will not result in any clicks or conversions.Your choice is to either not run ads at all during those times, or you may continue to run them, but negotiate for lower ad or bid rates. Doing this will help reduce at least 5% of ad spend.C. Evaluate ad content usedIt is the content of your advertisement that will catch the attention of your target market. If they are not catchy enough, or do not pique their interest, then there is no way that they will be convinced to look at it a second time, click on it, or even act on it.Review images and words used. For this, you may need to consult with your advertising experts on picking which images should be used, and what words should appear on your ads. Do not fall victim to verbos e tendencies, where you pack too much information on an ad, turning it into a short novel or a short story.Evaluate search terms and keywords. It is possible that you are paying for clicks that are not related to your business. For example, a flower shop may pay for the phrase-match keywords “free delivery”. This key phrase may then trigger other search terms, such as “pizza free delivery”, “Chinese food free delivery”, and the like. Your ad spend is basically covering all these clicks as well, and the fact that they are not contributing to your business means you are wasting your money. When picking search terms, choose terms that relate specifically to your business, so you will avoid wasting ad spend.Rethink the size of your ads. Ad size also means money. In the Yellow Pages, magazines and newspapers, the bigger the size of your ad is, the higher price you will have to pay. Find a way to decrease the size of your ad without sacrificing content and visibility.D. Go dig italThis is something that many business â€" especially the conservative and traditional ones â€" are still apprehensive about. Many are still dubious about the idea that digital advertising costs less than traditional advertising. Considering that technology is the main tool used, how can that be possible?While it is true that traditional advertising â€" print and broadcast â€" still makes up the bulk of the whole advertising pie, internet advertising is steadily growing, spurred further by mobile technology advancing at a fast clip. Online ads are now viewed, and clicks and conversions are made, not only in desktop PCs and laptops, but also in smartphones and mobile devices.By going digital and taking your advertising online, you will be spending less than what you company is currently incurring on usual advertising channels such as television, radio, magazine, newspapers, and the Yellow Pages. In fact, more and more users are even choosing to go online rather than browse through the Yellow Pages, so you can be sure that moving your ad spend in the Yellow Pages to online advertising will not be a waste.The reach of online advertising is also greater than, say, television, which may only be local or national. Advertise on national TV, and the ads will only run in the country. Advertise online, and you can reach your customers in other countries as well.E. Perform regular organic tests on your social media adsWhat you may be doing is this: you pick one or two ads that you like and feel will work to promote your product and your brand. Then you immediately use these two ads on your paid social media campaigns.You will be commended for your bravery and confidence. But it is not an assurance that you were putting your advertising money to good use. Why? Because you did not test whether the ads that you chose â€" and paid for â€" are the ones that will engage your target market the most.Now here is what you should do when we say you should test your social media a ds organically:First, decide on the content that you want to appear in the ad. Be selective; do not pack it all in; otherwise you will have an ad that looks too stuffy and all over the place.Create the ad â€" several versions of it. If you can create more than three, or even more than five, go for it. You can use different images, messaging techniques, and aesthetics, but always focusing on the same content.Publish the different versions of your ad to your social media profiles at the same time. Simultaneously, if you can. This will take some time, and may normally run over a few weeks.Monitor the published or posted ads and identify the one that generated the highest number of click-throughs. Which ad, and which version, garnered the highest engagement? Which post performed the best?The posts or published ads that registered the highest engagement will be the ones that you should use on your paid social advertisements. These are the posts worth spending your advertising budget on. F. Monitor campaigns regularlyThis is where many companies unknowingly hemorrhage ad spend. They picked an ad, they spent on it, let it run, then leave it at that. They just let the ad “do its work”, without following up on whether it is actually working, or if it continues to work.Ads, especially on social media, have a very short life spans. Its lifecycle is fairly quick, which is to be expected, considering how quickly the movement is in social media. What you post today may be buried by other, newer, posted ads tomorrow. Therefore, vigilance is required, and monitoring is of utmost importance.The great thing about monitoring is how you will be kept on your toes. The moment you realize that an ad is not working, or its engagement is in a decline, you can quickly figure out the reason why and act on it promptly. Being able to catch it early means you can make the adjustments earlier, and prevent your advertising funds from being drained. G. Split or piggybackAnother way to low er your ads spending is to split advertising costs with companies or entities that sell to you, or that you use as a distribution channel. Collaboration in your advertising may reduce your spending on advertising.Similarly, you know when consumers receive their bills or other flyers, and there are other brochures thrown in? That is called “piggybacking”. If you can find a way to piggyback with flyers of your own, offering to pitch in on the advertising cost, that will save you on your ads spending.Prioritization is one of the things that you have to learn if you want to minimize or reduce your spending on advertising. Choose the ones that work, and prioritize them. It is through identifying which you should pour your advertising budget on that you can get started on a more streamlined ad spend, and use your resources on what matters most.

Summary Of Nathan Jergensons The IRL Fetish - 918 Words

In the article â€Å"The IRL Fetish† by Nathan Jergenson, is a powerful essay that demonstrates the idea of this so called â€Å"Fetish† that we have with technology today. Within this essay Jergenson uses specific word choice in his essay to strengthen his argument about being connected. He uses quotes from other speakers and writers to get his points acrossed about this fetish that we have in our society right now. Finally, Jergenson also talks about the little victories that we have with technology, like â€Å"logging off†, and the irrational fear that we have about being disconnected. Jergenson uses very important vocabulary in his writing of this essay. He uses terms like fetish, digital dualism, and Myopic. The title of this essay is â€Å"The IRL†¦show more content†¦127). He digs at the fact that she has many more experiences then us normal/ middle class people. We then can infer that he was talking about how some people it’s easy for them to disconnect because they have such a lavish lifestyle to keep in touch with. I also agree with Jengenson argument because not everyone has a great life, sometimes social media is there â€Å"escape† or safe haven from the troubles and stresses of the real world. I for one have been guilty of going to the digital world when I’m having a hard time in the real world. By logging on I tend to forget about what happening in the real world and flock to things that will be the complete opposite of how things are in the real world. Jengenson also makes a point about how people are proud to be logged off. And I 100% agree with him. I for one have been guilty of being proud for not using my phone, at things like the being at dinner table, holidays, and hanging out with friends and family. For the most part I do have my phone out because sometimes funny things happen to me at dinner or with the family, so it is very hard not to be tempted to catch something and share it with my friends and family on social media. One week I went to a leadership camp in the summer and to attend we had to agree to leave all technology at home, for a full week. Now I know that sounds pathetic but it

Essay on A Tale of Two Cultures - 783 Words

------------------------------------------------- Case Study 1 ------------------------------------------------- 1. If your international firm were doing business in Asia, would you feel partly responsible for these social trends? Is there anything that your company could do to ease the tensions these cultures are experiencing? Be specific. ------------------------------------------------- Our company has no direct impact in the changing social trends happening in Asian countries. There are steps we could take to help create a Segway between many of the social and cultural changes occurring. ------------------------------------------------- As an American company operating in a foreign nation, it is our intention to assimilate†¦show more content†¦The flow of information and goods at increasingly rapid rates makes it easier for people to gain access to illegal drugs. As more individuals use drugs, new markets emerge and with those markets come criminal enterprises. ------------------------------------------------- Globalization can adversely affect a balance of power to a nation’s institutions by weakening them. Sovereignty is lost as foreign investors come in and control more of the market, further weakening the institutions that regulate commerce. As more information and opportunities enter into the lives of people in these Asian countries, cultural institutions like family begin to break down. More young people seek to capture opportunities and leave their respective families behind. ------------------------------------------------- While globalization helps countries compete on a global level, it has adverse effects on many of the cultural institutions of those countries. Therefore, globalization is playing an integral role in the increased incidence of divorce, crime, and drug abuse in Asia. ------------------------------------------------- 3. Broadly defined, Asia comprises more than 60 percent of the world’s population—a population that practices Buddhism, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam and numerous otherShow MoreRelatedA Slave Legend, The Algonquin Cinderella, And Tam And Cam918 Words   |  4 PagesWe all know Cinderella, the girl whose step- mother and sisters were horrendous to her. In the end she gets the prince, of course. These tales don’t follow that same story line. Their personalities, royal future, their father figure, and the magic in the stories all differ. These four Cinderella tales are Aschenputtel, The Twelve Months: A Slave Legend, The Algonquin Cinderella, and Tam and Cam. Each has different elements that can be compared, but they also have elements that can be contrasted.Read MoreThe Vs. 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Android Mobile os Vs Desktop os Free Essays

Mobile os Vs Desktop os Android was designed from the ground up as an operating system (OS) for mobile devices. Its built-in application and memory-management systems were engineered with battery life as one of the most critical concerns. The Android OS does not work like a desktop operating system. We will write a custom essay sample on Android: Mobile os Vs Desktop os or any similar topic only for you Order Now On a desktop OS, like Windows, Mac OS X, or Ubuntu Linux, the user is responsible for closing programs in order to keep a reasonable amount of memory available. On Android, this is not the case. The OS itself automatically removes programs from memory as memory is needed. The OS may also preload applications into memory which it thinks might soon be needed. Under the Hood of Google Android The easiest way I can think of to visualize Android’s structure is by imagining a house with five rooms The house represents Android in general. The rooms inside, however, represent the five key features in Android’s structure: * Applications * The Application Framework * Libraries * Android  Runtime * Linux Kernel. Now, imagine that each of these rooms hold a certain number of people. Each person represents an element of that room. Different rooms hold different amounts of people. Applications This first room is a doozy. It’s â€Å"people† represent all the applications that you have in Android. Games, SMS a calendar, maps, a browser, and your contacts. All applications are written in Java ,so you can add or take away as many of these as you like. The Application Framework As a developer, you’ll have full acces to the APIs used by the core apps. Android is designed so that any application can publish its capabilities. In turn, any  other  application can use those capabilities, as well. It has some security constraints, as is expected, but still. That’s pretty awesome. Along with all that, you get a Content Provider (which allows apps to share information), a Resource Manager (to help you with graphics, layout files, etc), a Notification Manager (which gives you those annoying status beeps and such), and an Acticity Manager (which manages the life cycle of your apps). All in all, when it comes to creating applications quickly and easily, Android has you covered. We’ll cover how to write an application in another article. So, you could say that the ‘people’ in this room are the managers and providers and etc. Believe me, there are a LOT. Libraries Android has a set of core libraries off of which the applications run. As always, developers can directly access these. Some of the core libraries include FreeType, SQLite, LibWebCore, and SGL. Android Runtime You could say that the ‘Android runtime’ room is pretty exclusive– it only has two people: the Dalvik Virtual Machine and the core libraries (am I getting on your nerves with this ‘people’ thing yet? ). In Google Android, there’s a tool called ‘DX’. What this does is it executes files in ‘. dex’ format, which are specially for the Dalvik Virtual Machine. This format is also created for minimal memory footprints, which makes it ideal for cell phones. The Dalvik Virtual Machine is written so it can run multiple prcesses quickly and smoothly. It relies on the Linux Kernel to do its magic. We’ll talk about that right after this. Linux Kernel Lastly, we have the Linux Kernel. This little room contains the Keypad, WiFi, Camera, and etc. drivers. The Linux Kernel holds all of Android’s internal structure together. It uses Linux 2. 6, and also acts like an abstraction layer between the hardware and the software. 6 FILE SYSTEM . 1 Storage media: NAND Android uses the YAFFS flash file system, the first NAND optimized Linux flash file system. For mobile devices, hard disks are too large in size, too fragile and consume too much power to be useful. In contrast, flash memory provides fast read access time and better kinetic shock resistance than hard disks. There are fundamentally two different types of flash memory based on their c onstruction technique: NOR and NAND. NOR is low density, offers slow writes and fast reads. NAND is low cost, high density and offers fast writes and slow reads. Embedded systems are increasingly using NAND flash for storage and NOR for code and execution. Limitations Important limitations of NAND memory include block erasure and memory wear. Block erasure means that when erasing any memory the whole block must be erased. NAND can be randomly accessed on a page basis during programming, but cannot offer arbitrary random access rewrite or erase during normal operation. To overcome this limitation, memory segments are marked to be removed or â€Å"dirty†. When the entire block is dirty, then it can be erased. Memory wear means that there are a limited number of erase-write cycles in the flash memory and at the end of its lifetime the data integrity of storage will deteriorate. Wear levelling techniques are used to uniformly use whole sections and to optimize the total lifetime of the device. Bad block management (BBM) is also used to perform write verification and remapping to spare sectors in case of write failure. 6. 2 File system for NAND: YAFFS YAFFS (Yet Another Flash File System) was developed by Toby Churchill Ltd (TCL) as a reliable filing system with fast boot time for their flash memory devices. They initially tried to modify existing flash file systems such as JFFS (used mainly for NOR) to add NAND support, but it turned out that the slow boot time and RAM consumption of existing flash file systems was unacceptable. This led them to develop a different flash file system especially for NAND according to its features and limitations to optimize performance and ensure robustness. Upon completion YAFFS performed better than existing flash file systems and can still be used with NOR, even though it is was specifically designed for NAND. YAFFS is the first flash file system specifically designed for NAND flash. YAFFS includes the following features: †¢ Journaling: a log-structured file system, which makes it robust to possible power failures. Note that YAFFS requires some RAM to maintain the data structure for its log. †¢ Garbage collection: highly optimized and predictable garbage collection strategies that makes it high performance and deterministic under hard writing. Collection is executed when free space becomes low. †¢ Lower memory requirement: it has a lower memory footprint than most other logstructured flash file systems, so it is more scalable. Flexibility: it uses a more general definition of NAND flash, is highly configurable and can be customized to work with various flash devices, different geometries, different error correction options, caching options, etc. †¢ Portability: although YAFFS was originally designed for use with Linux, its modular design make it easy and portable to many operating systems. The file-system-specific code was kept separate from t he main YAFFS file system code. The YAFFS Direct Interface (YDI) can hook up to other filesystems by applying a wrapper layer. Robustness: it is well tested and has been used in many products. Bad block handling and error correction mitigate the limitations of flash memory. We can conceptually treat YAFFS as an improved version of flash file system with following improvements: 1. YAFFS uses less run-time RAM. 2. YAFFS garbage collection is simpler and faster. 3. YAFFS uses a whole page per file for headers and provides no compression. 4. YAFFS can be used on NOR but, will not perform very well. Therefore, partition size can be a guideline to choose between YAFFS and JFFS. For smaller partition sizes JFFS is better suited whereas for larger sizes YAFFS performs better. KERNAL MODIFICATIONS Android is based on the Linux, but does not use a standard Linux kernel. The kernel enhancements of Android include alarm driver, ashmem (Android shared memory driver), binder driver(Inter-Process Communication Interface), power management, low memory killer, kernel debugger and logger. All these kernel enhancements have been contributed back to the open source community under the GNU Public License (GPL) [8]. Here we list a summary of the most substantial components : alarm driver: provides timers to wake devices up from sleep * ashmem: allows applications to share memory and manages the sharing in kernel levels. * binder driver: facilitates inter-process communication since data can be shared by multiple applications through the use of shared memory. A service registered as an IPC service do not have to worry about different threads because binder will handle, moni tor and manage them. Binder also takes care of synchronization between processes. * Power management: built on the top on standard Linux Power Management (PM) and take a more aggressive policy to manage and save power. Android is hailed as â€Å"the first complete, open, and free mobile platform. † Complete: The designers took a comprehensive approach when they developed the Android platform. They began with a secure operating system and built a robust software framework on top that allows for rich application development opportunities. Open: The Android platform is provided through open source licensing. Developers have unprecedented access to the handset features when developing applications. Free: Android applications are free to develop. There are no licensing or royalty fees to develop on the platform. No required membership fees. No required testing fees. No required signing or certification fees. Android applications can be distributed and commercialized in a variety of ways. Android instead has its own Linux power extension, Power Manager instead. The core power driver (Shown at the bottom of Figure 3 as â€Å"Power†) was added to the Linux kernel in order to facilitate this functionality. This module provides low level drivers in order to control the peripherals supported by the Power Manager. These peripherals currently include: screen display and backlight, keyboard backlight and button backlight. Each peripheral’s power is controlled through the use of Wake Locks. These locks are requested through the API whenever an application requires one of the managed peripherals to remain powered on (Each lock setting shown in Table 1). If no wake lock exists which â€Å"locks† the device, then it is powered off to conserve battery life. In the case of multiple power settings the transition is managed through the use of delays based on system activity. A sample of this behaviour is shown in Figure 4 for the screen backlight. In addition to Wake Locks the Power. How to cite Android: Mobile os Vs Desktop os, Papers

Educational Leadership Strategy and Collaboration †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Educational Leadership for Strategy and Collaboration. Answer: Introduction Everyday activities require some form of organization or pre-planned duties to be accomplished. The success of investment depends on well-calculated strategies. In a business set up, supervisors and managers cannot risk acting out of impulse since this may endanger the business(Adner, 2012). When all factors are held constant, the decisions made are to ensure set objectives are achieved. This does not rule out the possibility of an eventuality occurring thereby prompting the management to develop different strategies. It is necessary to understand planning processes, which include deliberate strategy, incremental strategy, and emergent strategy since they are used to secure the objectives of an institution. The deliberate strategy is a formal strategic planning process. It is rational since it evaluates strategic choices, alternatives and current position analysis. It involves other planning techniques like SWOT analysis(Betts, 2014, p. 45). The deliberate strategy is, therefore, the blueprint that formal businesses have to clearly show how they would achieve their objectives. The incremental strategy involves making small changes gradually over time to an already existing strategy. It is aimed at keeping the entity afloat and takes care of the small organizational and environmental changes the organization is operating in. Emergent strategy is an urgent plan used in response to unforeseen situation demanding an immediate action(Steiner, 2014). Organizations may develop new strategies to respond to unexpected opportunities. These strategies may not have been captured in the initial formal plan. A strategy is a model of organized activities especially in an organization that has been planned to achieve some given objectives. Some strategies could be short term or long term. Strategic plans for companies could be covering ten or more years in the future (Steiner, 2015). Some scholars have defined strategy as a pattern of activities adapted to organizations' operations, scope and resources that seek to achieve given objectives (Dransfield Needham, 2014, p. 77) Johnson and Scholes have brought in another view of strategy development as they have broadened it in three different ways. In their approach, they have employed the use of the term strategy lenses to describe strategy development. In their words, strategy is viewed as an experience, a design and ideas (Whittington, et al., 2013, p. 88) The experiences received in the past are taken as the guide for the future plans since the past failures and successes will influence the future strategies. Organizations decisions will be determined by their past experiences of the senior management. In this lens, precedence set will influence the future decisions (Freedman, 2013). Analysis of the current environment of operation has little influence over decisions made. This strategy relies heavily on assumptions in coming up with strategies. It is run by the senior management who stick to the culture of the entity. Strategy as design This approach views strategy development as a design. It asserts that strategy development is a logical process. The opportunities and constraints of an entity are carefully determined through analytical and evaluative techniques e.g. the SWOT analysis. After considering the forces that influence the organization, a strategic plan is established (Jackson, 2014, p. 56) This perspective considers strategy as a carefully thought out plan, a result of logical and analytical planning. The strategy is therefore planned at the senior managerial level then trickle down to the lower hierarchical levels, after which it is implemented. Viewed in its totality, it is similar to the deliberate planning process. This lens, suggests that strategies should be established after evaluating the available resources, the environment of operation visa viz the objectives of the entity. This design is spearheaded by the top management in the organization. This lens views strategy development as innovation and a result of the diversity of ideas. This approach emphasizes the need for promoting diversity in organizations. This will largely lead to a generation of new and diverse ideas. This view is fundamental since the people involved in the day to day running of the organization will have an opportunity to table their ideas(Ngeleza, 2012). This arrests the view that new ideas are not often generated by the senior management. Since people who carry out their jobs every day meet challenges in their line of duty, the dynamism in the environment is best understood by them. They are of help in coming up with original ideas that shall help deal with their immediate responsibilities. This approach relies on radical new ideas that come from people who bear responsibility in the organization. They all compete for the support of the management, this makes individuals come up with well thought out ideas that will win the confidence of the managerial staff who will finally see it implemented(Steiner, 2015). Strategy as a discourse This lens views strategy in terms of communication. The language is seen as a resource used by executives to shape strategic analysis to their personal views. It enables managers to develop and sustain the power that establishes their legitimacy. In this, they gain influence. Kind of planning has its own shortcomings. According to Steiner, (2015), this design is inaccurate as top-level management are not in touch with the daily developments. The general landscape of business and the environment of operation is dynamic. Whereas it may serve as to caution against losses based on managers past experiences, there are chances that changes which occur often in the business environment may have slipped their attention. Sticking to this strategy may disastrous. Developments that require the drastic change in strategies may remain unaddressed since the organization is not flexible to accommodate new strategies. This model, therefore, makes the management to be rigid and very conservative. The decisions are made with little reference to evaluating the current business environment and analyzing the company's, resources. Strategy as experience is embedded with the risk of failing to act and adjust according to environmental changes since strategies are based on past experiences. In view of strategy as ideas, everyone in the organization has an opportunity to air his ideas, in the event that managers have their favorite colleagues; the organization may easily be swayed in a given school of thought. This can disadvantage the organization especially if the same has come from one who is not professionally trained in the given field of concern. Supremacy battles can be waged between employees as everyone would be lobbying for their favorite theory to win the managerial confidence. This will affect the unity of the organization (Dransfield, 2012) Some ideas that emerge from the propagators may not have the adequate scholarly back up as some may be limited to a company's operation. This makes it difficult for an authoritative scientific analysis. It may result in trial and error of ideas. Strategy as a design is a rigid strategy to well-structured hierarchical organizations. In entities where the senior managers do not give instructions to employees, this design will not achieve the set objectives, given that the executive develops and follow it to its implementation. Conclusion Organizations are dynamic entities. Studies show that companies that plan are more successful than those that dont plan. In relation to the three lenses of strategy development, for the management to realize the set objectives, a clear-cut model has to be established. The pattern of activities adapted to organizations resources and operations is necessary. Strategies focus the organizations to look ahead as it provides direction. It is evident that no single strategy will guarantee success. It is prudent for organizations to blend the three strategic lenses in developing plans. Strategy as a design, when well thought out and implemented should form the backbone of our strategies as we use the other models to blend and come up with a super strategy. References Adner, R., 2012. The Wide Lenses: A New Strategy for Innovation. New York: Penguin. Betts, R. K., 2014. Lenses and Landmarks. Princeton: Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University. Dransfield, R., 2012. Corporate Strategy. Chicago: Heinemann. Dransfield, R. Needham, D., 2014. Business Studies. Fourth ed. New York: Penguin. Freedman, L., 2013. Strategy: A History. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Jackson, D., 2014. Essential to strategic management. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Ngeleza, B., 2012. A Critique Of Prescriptive Views In Strategic Management. Research Gate, IV(10), pp. 1-2. Steiner, G. A., 2014. Strategic Planning. New York: Simon and Schuster. Steiner, G. A., 2015. Essentials of Strategic Planning. New York: Simon and Schuster. Whittington, R., Johnson, G. Kevan, S., 2013. Educational Leadership: Context, Strategy, and Collaboration. New York: CRC Press.

Awakening By Edna Pontellier Essays - The Awakening, Grand Isle

Awakening By Edna Pontellier There are many important paths that we must follow on our journey through life. We follow the path without questioning its intent. The path informs us when we should learn to talk, to walk, to marry, and to have children. We are told that we should never stray from it, because if we do, society will make it certain that we are bound for damnation. In the novel The Awakening the main character, Edna Pontellier, has followed this path without so much as a fuss. All that changes when Edna is awakened from a life long slumber?a slumber, which she found repetitious, monotonous, and futile. She discovers that she is incomplete being just a wife and a mother. She needs to fill the void that has been empty for so long. She finds herself looking aimlessly beyond the path toward a destination of new feelings, adventures, and awakenings her quest for true love. Edna stands under this symbol of love, she is faced with a dilemma. Should she kiss, (or in this case, marry), whether or not it is love? Or should she pass by the opportunity and prepare herself for the hurricane winds of a disappointed and disapproving society? Edna chose to do what society wanted her to do?she got married and left her fantasies and dreams in the depths of the shadows. "The acme of bliss, which would have been a marriage with the tragedian, was not for her in this world. As the devoted wife of a man who worshiped her, she felt she would take her place with a certain dignity in the world of reality, closing the portals forever behind her upon the realm of romance and dreams." (P. 24) After marriage, hidden around the curvatures of the path, were the expectations of motherhood and being a devoted mother, after all "if it was not a mother's place to look after children, whose on earth was it?" (P. 7) The appearance of Edna's life looked perfect?she was the envy of many women who declared, "Mr. Pontellier was the best husband in the world. Mrs. Pontellier was forced to admit she knew of none better." (P. 9) The cover of her life had that of a fairy tale, but inside, the pages were filled with the emptiness and the loneliness she was feeling. During that summer at Grand Isle, the pages were finally read, and slowly Edna became less and less concerned for the welfare of her family. "He [Mr. Pontellier] thought it very discouraging that his wife, who was the sole object of his existence evinced so little interest in things which concerned him, and valued so little his conversation." (P. 6) In Mr. Pontellier's eyes his wife was not a mother-woman, because "it was easy to know them, fluttering about with extended, protecting wings when any harm, real or imaginary, threatened their precious brood. They were women who idolized their children, worshiped their husbands, and esteemed it a holy privilege to efface themselves as individuals and grow wings as ministering angels." (P. 10) His wife seemed more interested in using her "protective" wings to fly about in search of the independent soul she once threw away at the altar. In the meantime, "if one of the little Pontellier boys took a tumble whilst at play, he was not apt to rush crying to his mother's arms for comfort; he would more likely pick himself up, wipe the water out of his eyes, and the sand out of his mouth, and go on playing." (P. 9) The love between Edna and her children existed, but it resembled more of the love between the members of an extended family in the 1990s. "Sometimes [she'd] gather them passionately in her heart; she would sometimes forget them, and their absence was a sort of relief." (P. 24) Around her, Edna could see the devoted Creole mothers flocking about their precious children. These women frowned upon Edna's laissez faire attitude toward her children. None of the other women could relate to Edna's declaration, "I would give up the unessential; I would give my money, I would give my life for my children; but I wouldn't give myself." (P. 25) Edna made the decision to have a family when she was young, naive, and unaware of what she truly wanted. That summer, she awakened from her slumber and frantically began to search for the gateway to her dreams. As for her children, "they need not have thought that they could possess her, body

Free Essays on Why Social Studies Is Important For Children

Social Studies is important for elementary school students to be familiar with because it is a way to connect children with the past and relate it to the future. Linda Levstik wrote a book called â€Å"Doing History† that explains how to teach Social Studies in a classroom. This book focuses on what teachers should teach, how to go about doing it, what are the best strategies, how to assess children, and guidelines for teachers to follow. This book taught me that it is important for students to personalize history so they can relate it to current events. I also have learned that it is important to have a strong literature based Social Studies program so that children can deepen their understanding of the topic and integrate it into other areas of study. In this paper I will discuss what I found useful in this textbook and how I will utilize the information learned in my classroom. One of the major issues I found important was the idea of diverse perspectives. It is important for children o know that there are a wide variety of cultures, opinions, and ideas. It is necessary to look at all the different angles of an idea and then draw your own conclusion. Children need to be exposed to a wide variety of literature in order to be able to find out more about different time periods. In chapter twelve Levstik writes, â€Å"Children often think that people in the Colonial Era lived in log cabins or that everyone in the 1800’s dressed in formal clothes all the time. Such perspectives are hardly surprising given that students are rarely exposed to differences within a given time period†(158). As a teacher it is important to remember that children need to be exposed to a variety of different ideas. Teachers cannot focus in on one issue without giving multiple viewpoints or ideas. This way, children will be able to form their own opinions based on multiple perspectives. Another chapter in this book that I found extremely import... Free Essays on Why Social Studies Is Important For Children Free Essays on Why Social Studies Is Important For Children Social Studies is important for elementary school students to be familiar with because it is a way to connect children with the past and relate it to the future. Linda Levstik wrote a book called â€Å"Doing History† that explains how to teach Social Studies in a classroom. This book focuses on what teachers should teach, how to go about doing it, what are the best strategies, how to assess children, and guidelines for teachers to follow. This book taught me that it is important for students to personalize history so they can relate it to current events. I also have learned that it is important to have a strong literature based Social Studies program so that children can deepen their understanding of the topic and integrate it into other areas of study. In this paper I will discuss what I found useful in this textbook and how I will utilize the information learned in my classroom. One of the major issues I found important was the idea of diverse perspectives. It is important for children o know that there are a wide variety of cultures, opinions, and ideas. It is necessary to look at all the different angles of an idea and then draw your own conclusion. Children need to be exposed to a wide variety of literature in order to be able to find out more about different time periods. In chapter twelve Levstik writes, â€Å"Children often think that people in the Colonial Era lived in log cabins or that everyone in the 1800’s dressed in formal clothes all the time. Such perspectives are hardly surprising given that students are rarely exposed to differences within a given time period†(158). As a teacher it is important to remember that children need to be exposed to a variety of different ideas. Teachers cannot focus in on one issue without giving multiple viewpoints or ideas. This way, children will be able to form their own opinions based on multiple perspectives. Another chapter in this book that I found extremely import...

Limited Liability Partnership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Limited Liability Partnership - Essay Example This business entity will be registered in the US under the state laws of the country. As an entrepreneur, I have identified two other investors who have a similar objective of establishing a social communication company in the US that will link up people through a website. In order for people to communicate, they will have to register and give their personal details that will differentiate them from other persons. Under this communication platform, we will earn our income from advertisements, which are posted, on our websites. This means that the higher the number of registered social networkers, the greater the outreach of advertisements. We intend to have a global presence and a minimum of 250,000 registered people by the end of the first fiscal year. To achieve our noble idea, we have decided to form a partnership business with the two investors. We will register our partnership business under the Uniform Partnership Act of 1996 that govern partnership businesses in the US. Our b usiness will be a limited liability partnership that will strictly follow the regulations laid by the Act. Limited liability partnership has several advantages that have fascinated us to form a partnership business. Under the limited liability partnership, all the partners in the business will be limited depending with their individual contributions to the business. In the partnership agreement, we have decided that each partner will contribute equally to the business. This means that the amount of liability will be treated equally to all partners. Moreover, the profits and losses will be shared equally to the partners. Besides, all partners should participate equally in management of our partnership business in order to achieve our vision, mission, goals, and objectives. Various factors have riveted us to form a limited liability partnership. Limited liability partnerships are advantageous in that they are easy to establish and manage as compared to corporations and companies. Limi ted liability partnerships require no minimum capital to be established as compared to other forms of businesses, such as companies and corporations. The partners in the agreement decide the amount of capital in this form of business. Limited liability partnerships have few legal formalities required to establish the business. For instance, a few numbers of partners, 2, are required to form the partnerships as compared to a company’s 50 members. In management of our partnership business, designated partners, who are in charge for ensuring the compliances of all applicable laws, will manage daily operations of limited liability partnership. Limited liability partnerships are advantageous in that the partnerships are treated as separate legal entities from their owners. This means that the partners cannot be sued individually for the liabilities resulting from the partnership. This means as limited liability partners, we are obliged to take responsibility of the partnership bus iness through proper management. Furthermore, limited liability partnerships and their members are treated as distinct and separate from each other (Bouchoux 34). These depicts that a partner will be accountable for the duties bequeathed upon them by the partnership. Additionally, partners in this form of business organization are not held responsible for the acts of other partners and their personal assets are treated separately and never exposed unless there is a case of fraud. Limited liability partnerships are flexible as compared to companies. Flexibility of limited liability partnerships is brought about by the minimal legal requirements to establish the partnership. Such an example is the minimal amount of capital required to

Destination presentation reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Destination presentation reflection - Essay Example We started the research by firstly strategizing on how the tasks will be accomplished and breaking the complex task into small, simple tasks that would easily be handled by members. Every member of the group handled particular parts (s), which were allocated basing on the individual’s interest, accessibility to research materials, expertise in research among other considerations as posited by Burke and Barron (2014). For instance, a member would handle the background to the Cornwall AONB Management Plan while another would handle the challenges faced by Cornwall AONB whereas someone else would research on possible solutions to the challenges and the steps that have so far been undertaken towards the circumvention of dire problems. We would then meet to discuss the findings, a factor that helped us to refine understanding through explanation and discussion, before finally combining the work and writing a presentation speech. In writing the presentation speech, each member would contribute the most important ideas that would bolster the quality and eminence of the speech, making it more precise, accurate, while at the same time, very informative. We had to discuss the speech various times. In the discussions, some parts were ironed out, words replaced, while some other aspects were added, just to ensure that it effectively portrays the group diversity as well as meet our objectives of informing the audience about various pertinent issues regarding the Cornwall AONB management plan. I handled the section which sought to establish the coverage and the factors that prompted the need for Cornwall AONB management plan. Apparently, the need for the Cornwall AONB management plan was triggered by changes in land management practices, up surging pollution levels, and the need to promote localism by having the surrounding community participating in making important decisions affecting Cornwall (Prideaux, 2009). I also found out that the

Analysing The Pardoner In Canterbury Tales

Analysing The Pardoner In Canterbury Tales The Pardoner in the Canterbury Tales is hypocritical, gluttenous, vindictive, and spiteful towards others; he is morally and spiritually corrupt in the extreme. He does, however, tell a tale that, as he promises it shall be in the section that precedes his prologue, a valid sermon against avarice and greed. When Harry Bailey speaks at the end of the Pardoners Tale, he does not reject the tale but the teller, the Pardoner. Chaucer the poet aptly presents the Pardoner as a skilled orator and conman and he deliberately illustrates that it is possible for a character far beyond redemption to tell a moral tale. The Pardoner tells a moral tale against avarice, gluttony, and the love of money. The latter is a theme that the Pardoner says is always central to his sermons, citing the Latin, the love of money is the root of all evil. The origin of the tale, which was part of common folklore in Chaucers day, is an Oriental myth. The three rioters who are central to the tale, damn themselves literally and metaphorically. They betray each other over gold and their desire for it. They also drink and gamble excessively. Upon learning that an old friend of theirs has died, they further damn themselves by going in search of death. The Pardoner tells a tale, however, that is both instructive and valid as a sermon because it is loaded with advice against drunkeness and gluttony. The Pardoner cites examples of stories from the Bible, too, to illustrate the dangers of drunkenness (Solomon and John the Baptist; Lot and his daughters) and gluttony (Adam and Eve). There can be no doubt that the tale is moral. The Pardoner professes himself that although he is a ful vicious man, he can still tell a moral tale. The Pardoner as a character, an individual, and a typification of a group of professional churchmen is entirely amoral and, despite telling a moral tale, Chaucer uses various markers to illustrate why he cannot be trusted or accepted on any level. One of the most telling qualities that Chaucer gives the character of the Pardoner is rhetorical skill. The characteristic essential for Chaucer to illustrate that the teller of the tale cannot be accepted is arrogance. The question of authority is central to the Pardoners tale and its significance both seperated fro and as part of The Canterbury Tales. As the Pardoner is such a skilled orator, Chaucer implies, using the Pardoner and also by selecting Harry Bailey, one of the most astue of the pilgrims and a conman himself, to expose him and silence him so he cannot speak a word more. Apparently deeply affected by the Physicians sad and gruesome tale of Virginia, the Host praises the Physician by using as many medical terms as he can muster. However, he rejects the Physicians moral to the tale and substitutes one of his own: Thus the gifts of fortune and nature are not always good (The gifts of Fortune and Nature have been the cause of the death of many a person). Thinking that the pilgrims need a merry tale to follow, the Host turns to the Pardoner. The more genteel members of the company, fearing that the Pardoner will tell a vulgar story, ask the Pardoner for a tale with a moral. The Pardoner then explains to the pilgrims the methods he uses in preaching. His text is always Radix malorum est cupidatis (Love of money is the root of all evil). Always employing an array of documents and objects, he constantly announces that he can do nothing for the really bad sinners and invites the good people forward to buy his relics and, thus, absolve themselves from sins. Then he stands in the pulpit and preaches very rapidly about the sin of avarice so as to intimidate the members into donating money. He repeats that his theme is always Money is the root of all evil because, with this text, he can denounce the very vice that he practices: greed. And even though he is guilty of the same sins he preaches against, he can still make other people repent. The Pardoner admits that he likes money, rich food, and fine living. And even if he is not a moral man, he can tell a good moral tale, which follows. In Flanders, at the height of a black plague, three young men sit in an inn, eating and drinking far beyond their power and swearing oaths that are worthy of damnation. The revelers mark the passing of a coffin and ask who has died., A servant tells them that the dead man was a friend who was stabbed in the back the night before by a thief called Death. The young revelers, thinking that Death might still be in the next town, decide to seek him out and slay him. On the way, the three men meet an old man who explains that he must wander the earth until he can find someone willing to exchange youth for old age. He says that not even Death will take his life. Hearing him speak of Death, the revelers ask where they can find Death, and the old man directs them to a tree at the end of the lane. The revelers rush to the tree and find eight bushels of gold coins, which they decide to keep. They decide to wait for night to move the gold and draw straws to see which one will go into town to get food and wine. The youngest of the three draws the shortest straw. When he leaves, the two others decide to kill him and divide his money. The youngest, however, wanting the treasure to himself, buys poison, which he adds to two of the bottles of wine he purchases. When the youngest reveler approaches the tree, the two others stab him and then sit down to drink the wine before they dispose of his body. Thus, all three indeed find Death. Commentary From the Pardoners perspective, the Physician told a cheaply pious story and the Host, a sanctimonious fool, reacts to the tale with what seems high praise. Then, after praising the Physician, the Host turns to the Pardoner and asks for a merry tale or jokes (som myrthe or japes), even though preaching is the Pardoners profession. The Pardoner agrees by mockingly echoing the same oath the Host has just used-By Saint Ronyon. The echo of the Host indicates, if anything at all, the Pardoners irritation at hearing the Physician praised as being like a Prelate (lyk a prelat). The Pardoner is further insulted when some members of the company cry with one voice, No, dont let him tell dirty jokes! (Nay, lat hym telle us of no ribaudye). The Pardoner will have his revenge on all the complacent, self-righteous critics, and he resolves to think his revenge out carefully. The ironic relationship between The Physicians Tale and The Pardoners Tale-and therefore the Physician and Pardoner-is that both men are self-loving dissemblers. However, one of the two, the Pardoner, possesses enough self-knowledge to know what he is; the other, the Physician, being self-satisfied and affected, does not. The function of a pardoner in Chaucers time was to collect moneys for charitable purposes and to be the Popes special agent in dispensing or rewarding contributors with certain pardons as a remission for sins. By canon law, a pardoner was required to remain in a certain area; within this area, he could visit churches, receive contributions, and, in the Popes name, dispense indulgences. An honest pardoner was entitled to a percentage of the take; however, most pardoners were dishonest and took much more than their share and, in many cases, would take all the contributions. Thus, as he boasts, Chaucers Pardoner belongs to the latter class-that is, he speaks of how much he collects by refusing to give indulgences to anyone except the very good people. In his prologue, the Pardoner frankly confesses that he is a fraud motivated by greed and avarice and that he is guilty of all seven sins. Even though he is essentially a hypocrite in his profession, he is at least being honest as he makes his confession. But then, ironically, at the end of his tale, he requests that the pilgrims make a contribution. Thus, for many reasons, the Pardoner is the most complex figure in the entire pilgrimage. He is certainly an intellectual figure; his references and knowledge demonstrated in the tale and his use of psychology in getting only the good people to come forward attest to his intellect. But in making his confessions to the pilgrims about his hypocrisy, he seems to be saying that he wishes he could be more sincere in his ways, except that he is too fond of money, good food and wine, and power. The Pardoner takes as his text that Love of money is the root of all evil, yet he emphasizes how each relic will bring the purchaser more money; in emphasizing this, he sells more and gains more money for himself. Thus, his text contains a double irony: His love for money is the root of his evil, yet his sales depend upon the purchasers love of money. Furthermore, his technique of relying upon basic psychology by selling only to the good people brings him more money. His sermon on avarice is given because the Pardoner is filled with avarice and this sermon fills his purse with money. Scholars, critics, and readers in general consider The Pardoners Tale to be one of the finest short stories ever written. Even though this is poetry, the narration fits all the qualifications of a perfect short story: brevity, a theme aptly illustrated, brief characterizations, the inclusion of the symbolic old man, rapid narration, and a quick twist of an ending. The entire tale is an exemplum, a story told to illustrate an intellectual point. The subject is Money (greed) is the root of all evil. The Pardoners Tale ends with the Pardoner trying to sell a relic to the Host and the Host attacking the Pardoner viciously. At this point, the Knight who, both by his character and the nature of the tale he told, stands as Chaucers symbol of natural balance and proportion, steps between the Host and the Pardoner and directs them to kiss and be reconciled. In the conflict between the Host and the Pardoner, the Pardoner-whose official role is to get men to call on God for forgiveness of their sins-is unmerciful in his wrath; that is, the Pardoner is unwilling to pardon, and the pardon is effected only when the noble Knight steps in. Glossary à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ relics objects esteemed and venerated because of association with a saint or martyr; here, the Pardoners relics are false. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lot Lots daughters got their father drunk and then seduced him (from the Book of Genesis in the Bible); the Pardoners point is that Lot never would have committed incest if he had not been drunk. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Samson the biblical strong man. He revealed the secret of his strength to Solome, who then betrayed him to his enemies. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lepe a town in Spain noted for its strong wines. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Cheapside and Fish Streets streets in London that were known for the sale of strong spirits. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Lemuel See Proverbs 31:4-7. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ King Demetrius The book that relates this and the previous incident is the Policraticus of twelfth-century writer John of Salisbury. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Avicenna an Arabian physician (980-1037) who wrote a work on medicines that includes a chapter on poisons. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ St. Helen the mother of Constantine the Great, believed to have found the True Cross The Pardoners Tale There once lived in Flanders a company of three rioters who did nothing but engage in irresponsible and sinful behavior. At this point, the narrator interrupts the tale itself to launch a lengthy diatribe against drunkenness mentioning Herod, Seneca, Adam, Sampson, Attila the Hun and St. Paul as either sources or famed drunkards. This in turn oddly becomes a diatribe against people whose stomachs are their gods (their end, we are told, is death), and then a diatribe against the stomach, called, at one point a stynkyng cod, fulfilled of dong and of corrupcioun (a stinking bag, full of dung and decayed matter). This distraction from the story itself ends with an attack on dice-playing (dice here called bicched bones, or cursed dice). The three drunkards were in a tavern one night, and, hearing a bell ring, looked outside to see men carrying a corpse to its grave. One of them called to his slave to go and ask who the corpse was: he was told by a boy that the corpse was an old fellow whose heart was smashed in two by a secret thief called Death. This drunkard agreed, and discussed with his companions how this Death had indeed slain many people, of all ranks, of both sexes, that very year. The three then made a vow (by Goddes digne bones) to find Death and slay him. When they had gone not even half a mile, they met an old, poor man at a style, who greeted them courteously. The proudest of the drunkards responded rudely, asking the man why he was still alive at such a ripe age. The old man answered that he was alive, because he could not find anyone who would exchange their youth for his age and, although he knocked on the ground, begging it to let him in, he still did not die. Moreover, the old man added, it was not courteous of the drunkards to speak so rudely to an old man. One of the other drunkards responded still more rudely that the old man was to tell them where Death was, or regret not telling them dearly. The old man, still polite, told the drunkards they could find Death up the crooked way and underneath an oak tree. The drunkards ran until they came to the tree, and, underneath it, they found eight bushels of gold coins. The worst one of them spoke first, arguing that Fortune had given them the treasure to live their life in happiness but realizing that they could not carry the gold home without people seeing them and thinking them thieves. Therefore, he suggested, they should draw lots, and one of them should run back to the town to fetch bread and wine, while the other two protected the treasure. Then, at night, they could agree where to take the treasure and carry it safety. This was agreed, and lots were drawn: the youngest of them was picked to go to the town. However, as soon as he had gone to the town, the two remaining drunkards plotted amongst themselves to stab him upon his return, and then split the gold between them. While he was in the town, the youngest thought of the beauty of the gold coins, and decided to buy some poison in order to kill the other two, keeping the gold for himself. Thus, he went to an apothecary, bought some strong and violent poison, poured it into two of three wine bottles (the third was for him to drink from), topped them up with wine, and returned to his fellows. Exactly as the other two had planned it, it befell. They killed him on his return, and sat down to enjoy the wine before burying his body and, as it happened, drank the poison and died. The tale ends with a short sermon against sin, asking God to forgive the trespass of good men, and warning them against the sin of avarice, before (this, we can presume narrated in the Pardoners voice) inviting the congregation to come up and offer their wool in return for pardons. The tale finished, the Pardoner suddenly remembers that he has forgotten one thing that he is carrying relics and pardons in his male (pouch, bag) and begins to invite the pilgrims forward to receive pardon, inciting the Host to be the first to receive his pardon. Unbokele anon thy purs, he says to the Host, who responds that the Pardoner is trying to make him kiss thyn old breech (your old pants), swearing it is a relic, when actually it is just painted with his shit. I wish, the Host says, I had your coillons (testicles) in my hand, to shrine them in a hogs turd. The Pardoner is so angry with this response, he cannot speak a word, and, just in time, the Knight steps in, bringing the Pardoner and the Host together and making them again friends. This done, the company continues on its way. Analysis The Pardoner has in recent years become one of the most critically discussed of the Canterbury pilgrims. His tale is in many ways the exemplar of the contradiction which the structure of the Tales themselves can so easily exploit, and a good touchstone for highlighting precisely how Chaucer can complicate an issue without ever giving his own opinion. Thus the Pardoner embodies precisely the textual conundrum of the Tales themselves he utters words which have absolutely no correlation with his actions. His voice, in other words, is entirely at odds with his behavior. The Pardoners voice, at the beginning of his tale, rings out as round as gooth a belle, summoning his congregation: and yet his church is one of extreme bad faith. There is a genuine issue here about whether the Pardoners tale, being told by the Pardoner, can actually be the moral (325) tale it claims to be. For, while the tale does indeed demonstrate that money is the root of all evil, does it still count when he is preaching agayn that same vice / Which that I use, and that is avarice (against the very vice I commit: avarice). How far, in other words, can the teller negate his own moral? Yet the real problem is that the Pardoner is a successful preacher, and his profits point to several people who do learn from his speeches and repent their sin. His Tale too is an accurate demonstration of the way greed and avarice lead to evil. Hollow execution nevertheless, the Pardoner is an excellent preacher against greed. His voice, in short, operates regardless of his actions. Hollow sentiments produce real results. This is also reflected in the imagery of the tale itself. The Pardoner hates full stomachs, preferring empty vessels, and, though his wallet may well be bretful of pardoun comen from Rome (687) but the moral worth of this paper is nil: the wallet, therefore, is full and empty at the same time exactly like the Pardoners sermon. In just the same way Chaucer himself in the Tales can ventriloquize the sentiments of the pilgrim the Reeve, the Pardoner, the Merchant and so on, without actually committing to it. Because the Tales themselves, in supposedly reproducing the telling of a certain pilgrim, actually do enact precisely the disembodied voice which the Pardoner represents. The moral paradox of the Pardoner himself is precisely the paradox of the Tales and their series of Chaucer-ventriloquized disembodied voices. There is a doubleness, a shifting evasiveness, about the Pardoners double audience: the imaginary congregation he describes, and the assembled company to whom he preaches, and tells his lewed tales, even calling them forth to pardon at the end. The point is clear: even though they know it is insincere, the Pardoners shtick might still work on the assembled company. The imagery of the Pardoners Tale also reflects this fundamental hollowness. The tale itself is strewn with bones, whether in the oath sworn by Goddes digne bones, whether in the word for cursed dice (bones) or whether in the bones which the Pardoner stuffs into his glass cases, pretending they are relics. The literary landscape is strewn with body parts, and missing, absent bodies: beginning with the anonymous corpse carried past at the beginning of his tale. Bones, stomachs, coillons words for body parts cover the page, almost as a grim reminder of the omnipresence of death in this tale. The General Prologue, suggesting that the Pardoner resembles a gelding or a mare, hints that the Pardoner may be a congenital eunuch or, taken less literally, a homosexual, and, as the Host seems to suggest at the end, might well be without his coillons, a Middle English word meaning both relics and testicles. All of the relics in this Tale, including the Pardoners, evade the grasp of the hand. The Pardoner thus can be categorized along with the other bizarrely feminized males in the Tales, including Absolon, Sir Thopas, and, if we believe the Host, Chaucer (the character). And of course, at the center of the tale, there is a search for somebody called Death which, naturally, does not find the person Death, but death itself. It is a successful but ultimately unsuccessful search. All that is left over at the center of the Tales is the bushels of gold, sitting under a tree unclaimed. The root of the tale, as its moral similarly suggests about the root of evil, is money: and money was, to a medieval reader, known to be a spiritual death. Notably, moreover, in the tale, both gold and death shift from metaphor to reality and back again; a neat reminder of the ability of the Tales to evade our grasp, raising difficult questions without ever answering them.

Proposal for IPS

Current Issues and Challenges for Stakeholders We can identify the stakeholders as the primary users (management, staff and customers) of the Simple Gateway network which are affected by the deferent issues noted in the RFC. The issues and challenges are a. Document Versions Primarily affects office and management staff that receive data and make decisions based on incorrect information. The number of errors that happen due to multiple versions of documents and forms floating around the sites increase inconsistencies.Business processes rely on consistency and having no set process for document concurrent version system (C.V.) or single point of file access affects the tasks employees perform. B. Storage Localization Collaboration In the current environment affects all stakeholders as well as business outcomes. A network using a non-centralized storage layout makes these tasks difficult. Non-centralized storage is expensive to setup, maintain, and manage. Issues related to ownership, management, and version control are also created due to this.The information retrieval process is being an impediment to the efficiency of he staff and the work they perform. C. Human Resources Processes Staff benefits are being affected by manual request processing. Sick leaves, vacation time and other common HRS tasks are affecting employee's satisfaction with the employer and more than likely generating feelings that also affects performance and good doltishly to server customers. II – Performance Comparison KIP Current Environment Proposed Environment Document Versions and Data Sharing Multiple versions are passed between office staff.Incorrect information is used to make business decisions. Site files are stored on local filibuster. Sharing Is done via email. Enterprise storage will be centralized wealth Office ass's One Drive, helping in business decision making. Stakeholders will have access to the latest document version available. Administrative Tasks Management Sick leave or vacation requests are paper-based and slow. Forms and other workflow documents used by staff will be available within Office ass's Sharpening module, automating the submission and reducing response times. Servers Each office operates Its own file and email servers.Centralization of data and as management overhead. Productivity Suite Latest edition of office will be used. Ill – Recommendations Latest edition of office is used. For the centralization of documents and forms at Simple Gateways, the proposed solution is Microsoft Office 365 for the Enterprise. Office 365 is a web-based, workup collaboration and office productivity suite that provides access to centralized storage across the locations using common web browser applications. It includes tools such as Sharpening, Exchange, and Noontide for Business for shared storage.Office 365 is offered as a AAAS (Software as a Service). Office 365 delivers the same features of locally hosted services without the associate d overhead of managing a server infrastructure. The management flexibility ensures that control and security are retained for compliance requirements and is enhanced by providing centralized storage. Some of the advantages of the solution are: a. Cross Device Accessibility: Office 365 has mobile APS that the access and interaction with the platform easy wherever the user connects from and across various devices b.Management Easiness: The administration console allows for easy management of policies and security of the content and features within Office 365. Automated maintenance ensure an always up-to-date with the latest features with minimal downtime c. Enterprise grade reliability and standards: Features state-of- the-art user account control, premier disaster recovery capabilities, expert monitoring and support, geographically-distributed hosting decanters with continuous data backup and redundancy. To comply with the human resources needs presented in the RFC, a Human CapitalMa nagement (HCI) solution is recommended. For this, Epicure's Spectrum HCI has been selected. Epicure's web-based HRS software provides a comprehensive solution for workforce and benefits management, offering employees direct access to view and control their own human resource information. The solution includes: Human resources management Performance management Talent management Benefits and absence tracking Payroll IV- Solution Justification same time, these solutions are provided through the familiar interface of a web- browser which reduces the learning curve.

Introducing Political Essay Samples

Introducing Political Essay Samples Studies have repeatedly proven that more schooling produces a greater income, averaging a 10-percent increase for each and every extra year in school. You realize that there is a great deal of advantages in using custom writing services. A Political system entails members that are active politically and can control and influence government activities in a particular country. Modernizing the greater public education process is an essential part of earning school facilities a conducive atmosphere for students to learn. What Does Political Essay Samples Mean? There's more to a custom political science essay than simply writing a report and having it checked by the professor to receive any grade. The key issue is to get a crystal clear idea about what you wish to say and the way you're going to say it before you get started writing the essay itself. Along with that, your point of view will decide on the sort of essay you're writing. Remember that you can't guess the political viewpoints of the reader. Aldous Huxley, a top essayist, gives guidance on the matter. The inefficiency of political correctness gets even more obvious in regards to words and phrases that are assessed as potentially insulting. Expository essay utilizes formal language to talk about someone or something. A political essay ought to be organized in such a manner that it is going to be a thesis emphasizing a conceptual argument. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Political Essay Samples In most instances, individuals with political powers who aren't in government are extremely influential. 1 instance of a political ideology that I want to elaborate is knows as the populists. Then you may read about the fundamental essentials of democracy and check if they exist in the American party system. One of the fundamental essentials of contemporary democracy lies in people's power to create the vector of their nation's political developments. As a result, since each current form of political arrangement has partial claim to justice and since correct forms have a tendency to degenerate in their respective incorrect forms, we have to mix different forms of political arrangements, so as to mitigate their flaws. If your instructor notices a significant flaw in the text you are going to have to re-write this, or edit the specific section of it. Several alternative logical structures for essays are visualized as diagrams, making them simple to implement or adapt in the building of an argument. Your instructor will likely assign you lots of titles that you will need to refer to (ten, fifteen, or more). In fact, as a way to protect 1 man from creating a wrong choice, government limits the liberty of a hundred who aren't going to do anything stupid. Whichever way you take a close look at it, the thought of forming an Asian Union is extremely unlikely. There's one great issue though and that is that, as Aristotle recognises, there are lots of facets that will need to be thought about as a way to ascertain the best type of political arrangement for each specific city. In the world these days, there are various political systems that govern specific nations. A Secret Weapon for Political Essay Samples Political science is just one of the broadest subjects as it has many theories, ideas, and concepts. Managing conflict at work essay. Essays on managing diversity at work. Constitution in our day-to-day life essay. Then you're ready to submit the paper. As a way to formulate a great thesisfor your political analysis paper, you have to read some literature. You are unable to compose the thesis including new ideas (that aren't discussed in the paper). Now you should specify the subject of your political analysis paper. Political Essay Samples at a Glance Each paragraph of the human body comprises the most important point, the so-called topic sentence. Numerous facts influence an individual's po litical socialization. Hence, you can't explain a specific political process as you wish but you should rather hunt for the causes and factors in order for it to happen. The chief reason is the freedom and creativity of individuals. In a neutral democracy, everybody's vote should count equally. Normally, the political essays are primarily written in order to provide an in depth analysis of the practices employed by the politicians. Politics is the procedure by which groups of individuals make collective decisions. There are particular essay topics that were written on so many times like abortion and legalizing of marijuana that they've become worn out. The philosophy of life essay examples you will find should help you choose the ideal choice for yourself. When you would like a well-written essay that resembles the example philosophy essay on the website, you will need to understand how to do it. There are various types of essays that I would assume most of you are alread y acquainted with. Adhere to the fashion of political essays. When it has to do with academic writing, good satirical essay examples may be the perfect way to inspire and motivate you. To compose political essays, it is vital for you to be a master in the subject yourself and this requires adequate research. To save you time and start working on your essay when possible, we've provided an extensive guide on how best to choose political issue essay topics and provide a few examples of topics you should consider for writing on. What's the aim of a commentary essay. Top Political Essay Samples Secrets Always ask whether the information that you have gained is dependable and objective. When it has to do with talking about best political science essay topics, or any other sort of paper you should first have the ability to depict a substantial experience about the topic in context. At our site, you will observe a wide assortment of step-to-step explanation for picking a research subject in political science. If you're looking for assistance with your essay then we provide a comprehensive writing service offered by fully qualified academics in your area of study.

An honest attempt - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 31 Words: 9216 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? In the book In Defense Of Globalization the author, Jagdish Bhagwati attempts a feat which few in his field have done before and that is to give a direct response to the allegations that are staged against globalization. Bhagwati is renowned in his field and has quite a few feathers in his cap. He is a pioneer of trade theory and unlike a lot of his counterparts is quite well-versed in his subject area as well as in general literature. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An honest attempt" essay for you Create order This fact is further confirmed after reading this book as he frequently cites Shakespeare, Allen alongside Marx and Keynes, which is quite abdominal and not something that every economist would be able to do well. He presents an understandable and unbiased analysis. This book is an honest attempt to understand the other side of the theory as he tries to understand the points surfacing against globalization and tries to respond to each aspect in detail. He entails traditional insight that a lot of social evils have manifested due to globalization but then responds to each with wisdom. He claims that if aptly regulated and implemented, globalization is actually the strongest instrument to spread social welfare and good in the world. He exhibits strong command over the subject of international economics and intelligently dissuades the claims against globalization. He argues that in a lot of cases, globalization has played the lead role in the general well-being and social prosperity for under-developed countries. If properly regulated it has helped reduce child labor, increase the economic activities, spread education and even upgrade the status of women. He dismantles the charge that cultural hegemony results because of globalization and offers ma ny examples ranging from movies to text where a hybrid web of culture has been woven due to globalization. He thus successfully reaches through the noise and touches the nerve of the most controversial issues proving that globalization is actually a part of the solution rather than an issue itself. Giving the credit of globalization to the universal economic incorporation is quite justified. The best feature of the book is its rhythmic flow and how each allegation is dealt with in a separate chapter of the book. The main chapters (allegations) that are presented cover debatable issues such as the association of globalization to child labor, increase in poverty rate, environmental degradation, and exploitation of workers by multinational giants and the questionable status of women in the underdeveloped or even developing nations. Bhagwati is of the view that the critics of globalization come from different walks of life. It is not suitable to keep an extremist attitude as it does not leave room for debate and reasoning. Regarding the political left who consider that the people who are settled abroad in other host nations where multinationals have a presence, are exploited. Whereas the others on the political right have issues with globalization due to their own vested mindsets w hich are anti-immigration for a multitude of reasons. A reason and evidence approach is used which does not leave room for further confusions; hence it is apt to say that Bhagwati has done justice to each issue. The arguments that are given are very solid and convincing, supported further by evidences. As he says in his book. Reason and analysis require that we abandon the conviction that globalization lacks a human face, an assertion that is tantamount to a false alarm, and embrace the view that it has one. The first allegation against globalization that it hurts the poor is countered by the following response. Economic growth should be the principal but not the only strategy for raising the incomes, and hence consumption and living standards of the poor (Bhagwati, 2007, pg 54). This is a relatively agreed upon fact that free trade aids in growth and development. However one cannot deny that while it is good in theory it is marred in application due to the influence of politics. The reality remains that while the very founders of globalization like the IMF, the World Bank and the WTO encourage developing nations to indulge in trade, they on the other hand are involved in hefty spending to subsidize their own people (farmers) and ascertain that foreign competition does not arrive there. It makes the reader wonder whether the author is too idealistic to consider the practical aspect of theories. Like in one case Bhagwati argues that context matters. He further gives the example that if a thousand people become millionaires, the inequality is less than if Bill Gates gets to make a billion all by himself. The rationale behind this argument is that rich people tend to spend their income on luxuries of life, while a person like Gates would be more inclined to dona te huge chunks of his income to development and social causes and hence the reasoning that context is important. The truth on the other hand is that the context of the United states is not what the developing countries aspire. In developing nations, people who have acquired millions tend to make it hidden, avoiding taxes and are more concerned about their own financial stability than any social cause. The next point emphasizes on the pragmatic proof that with globalization there has been a considerable decrease in inequality. Here the author cites Surjit Bhalla and another renowned economist Xavier. Their studies though quite reliable and extensive but using their text for support is a rather vague approach as other economists of known intellect have even proven the evils of globalization in their works. Furthermore, Bhagwati himself contradicts his claim that globalization decreases inequality, in a later chapter where he says that the basic reason for the growing migration traffic flow is the growing inequality amongst different countries. If Bhagwati has adopted a rather theoretical approach in offering evidence infavor of inequality and poverty, he is nonetheless very insightful about the needs and requirements of the poor and admits that more careful and structured management is required to reap the fruits of globalization. He presents the example of the Asian financial crisis in nineties which according to him could have been evaded if the financial liberal institutes were less swift and careless and if the banking industry had been empowered. He spells out a policy tripod which entails key aims for the management of globalization in future; advocating labor standards universally, outlining accurate governance by the help of increasing network and the power of NGOs, and above all taking care of all transformations to globalization. The central theme in Bhagwatis propositions is the economic repercussion of globalization specifically in the developing countries. A lot has been said about the evils of economic integration and how it has caused complete chaos and havoc in poor nations and how bodies like the IMF and the World Trade Organization are in reality devilish in their enthusiasm. For the author of this book, the debate whether it is beneficial or not hold no value. He dedicates his efforts in explaining to the people what good it can bring if properly regulated. He blames the inadequate outlook of public policies in areas such as Latin America and East Asia for their financial dilemmas and not free trade. He is persistent that free trade has brought countless benefits to the countries. He acknowledges the evils that are connected to globalization but argues that they are due to bad governance, hegemonic potential of the rich countries, two-faced dual standards in universal bodies and even pure lack of kno wledge. He goes to the extent of calling free trade the single instrument for the financial stability of the developing countries of the world. However, there is another way of looking at the point discussed. First Bhagwatis claim of comparative advantage that is proposed by Smith and Ricardo is not moving enough. While it remains that most of the nation will make their mark in the world market in order to extend their exclusive trade points but this does not hold good in two instances; firstly when the nation in consideration has no resources of its own to make a ground for export and the second being that the nations own institutes were ruined at a very early stage by multinational giants and hence it becomes dependent on these corporations for job opportunities and adequate import supply for use which in turn has a lot of security after effects for that particular nation. To counter this it is imperative to take into account List and Smiths perception of protection of infant industry, which proposes that some breathing room should be allowed to any competitive organization so that it is able to understand its full potenti al for competition before it is exposed to international market competition. Bhagwatis point of view on the multicultural aspect of globalization is rather weak and based on idealism. It is true that some features of the Oriental cultures have left their mark on the occident but it is known for a fact that the control of the streamlines by which these exchanges can happen by the West, govern the entire process. Consequently, in developing countries like India, the younger generation has completely failed to tell apart their native customs from the others. The western thing being more appealing has involved them in an inferiority complex. This results in a severe damage to the destruction of self-esteem and pride of the nation in question. For clarity of discussion, let us now analyze Bhagwatis claims in light of the neo-classical school of thought. There are basically three key points which drastically diminish the case where variations of free trade are seen as effective. Firstly, a lot of models consider that free trade in practice is not completely efficient. It is nonetheless important to define in parameters the deviations that are possible and the extent to which they count. This resulted in a frenzy of computations and it was then found that the effort and labor that goes in correcting the market costs more than what they are actually worth of. Secondly, instances of local issues supposedly outline and influence an exit from free trade are usually best dealt by a variety of methods of intervention by the government that uphold free trade. It was once suggested by Keynes that tariffs may be advantageous in instances of massive unemployment, instead leave trade free and mount cumulative demand straightforwardly. Lastly, Bhagwati ascertains that if trade barriers and tariffs are forced, individuals attempting to route these benefits to them might spend a lot of resources. Resources spent for such a cause make no contribution to the production. This therefore becomes a case of rent seeking, or in other words seeking of direct unproductive gain, a perception of his own which is quite different. He does not take into account the vice of fake humility. However, this remains an important issue. Rent seeking or fruitless profit chasing of this sort may be so vigorous that it might rule out completely tariffs as a means of effective economic plan. There is a basic opposition to free trade and that is on the basis of a reality. In any free market each exchange that materializes is due to the fact that all stakeholders wish to gain benefit. This does not ensure that whatever takes place in the market will have benefits for everybody in general. This raises a question that if another shop lowers it prices obnoxiously and as a result you are thrown out of business, you have certainly not gained from the situation. This also implies that evidences of market efficiency are of little worth. It cannot assist Americans who were forced into unemployment or those who were reduced to shackles by the less wage competition from across the board. To them the increased efficiency of the world economy does not matter. Also, it is significant to point here that the Stolper-Samuelson theorem presents evidence that given a set of conditions, the low incomes of foreign employees can actually result in lower local wages. According to Bhagwati this line of reasoning in case of America atleast does not match with reality. The reasoning calls for the fact that the products that destabilize wages in America are in reality labor intensive. In the market however, foreign competition that damages America is due to other factors such as edge in the technology etc. Now it is also important to note that foreign products will have an influence on local wages only if there is a decrease in the relative prices. This points to the fact that the main underlying problem is if the prices of such products really been decreasing, offsetting the diminishing wages in real world. There is no evidence provided by the author to back this. In the decade of eighties, the time when the wages of American were not changing, the prices of products that were labor-intensive increased compared to the prices of the set of the entire product range in the trade. Often an objection is posed by those who oppose free trade that it is a constituent of a policy by rapacious multinational giants in an attempt to take advantage of the developing countries and these corporations already mint money by giving a meager sum to the indigent denizens of the developing countries. Bhagwati responds t this by a very subtle point. He ascertains that if the employees agree to what we consider as very low wages, then they might consider these wages as enhancements. Several empirical studies do find that multinationals pay what economists now call a wage premium; they pay an average wage that exceeds the going rate, mostly up to 10 percent and exceeding it in some cases, with affiliates of U.S. multinationals sometimes paying a premium that ranges from 40 to 100 percent (Bhagwati, 2007, pg 172). The book also stresses on the fact that trade leads to business development which as a result brings democracy. Economic reforms must happen before any democratization takes place. The activists in this field should all combine so that they are taken more seriously. They should strive to clear the misconceptions and make a way for progress and development. The book is an extremely polarizing debate. He tries to balance the extremism that has found its way into economic reforms. Maintaining that it does affect culture, but economists are never concerned with the preservation of culture. Bhagwati says in his book. Economists generally belong to the philosophical tradition that sees nature as a handmaiden to mankind. (Bhagwati, 2007, pg 135). The book In Defense Of Globalization thus offers a detailed response to the various critics of globalization. Some of these responses sound idealistic and theoretical but nonetheless they provide a base to build upon to relate to the social and economic consequences. HOW TO CHANGE THE WORLD: SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURS AND THE POWER OF NEW IDEAS David Bornstein, the author of How to Change the World: Social Entrepreneurs and the Power of New Ideas, in his book lauds the efforts of the members of the Ashoka group which was a universal gathering of leading social entrepreneurs. The book commends their passion to bring about a structured change all across the world and how they were able to achieve their goals through commitment and inspiring novel ideas. Being a journalist, David has first hand knowledge and experience in the topic that has become the content of this very popular book. There are certain set passions that people have and they follow them too but compared to that social entrepreneurship is a relatively new concept which calls for something beyond passion- life long dedication and unwavering commitment from those who aspire to bring good to society in a world that is chasing money and profit. David inspires us in his book by narrating stories of individual people pursuing their missions and the basic outline of social enterprise. He also includes his own experiences in some of the chapters of the book. David defines social entrepreneurs as people who find solutions to social problems on a large scale. The book chronicles the daring accomplishments of ten brave individuals whose novel ideas and selfless efforts realized as institutional transformation that gave a new direction to entire systems. Weaved in these stories are sections that try to describe who are the people who become social entrepreneurs and the reason behind their choice. The consequence is that if one is able to discover these innovative people, then proper support and some guidance in the initial stages may actually result in another social problem being solved on a massive scale and hence the ratio increases exponentially. A major part of the book revolves around the life of Bill Drayton who was the originator of Ashoka, which officially acclaims the status of being the worlds first main organization to recognize and sustain social entrepreneurs universally. David is very convincing when he speaks about Draytons drive to bring about a social change. Drayton in his early life aspired for a change and this sustained throughout; at his time in Harvard and at EPA and McKinsey. Also the reader gets to know the real obstacles that he had to face and overcome for his ambitions to realize which also creates an air of drama in an otherwise dry topic such as social entrepreneurship. The rest of the book swings from profiles of many established entrepreneurs both within and outside the Ashoka network. The accounts are very inspiring and show the power of an honest individual effort to innovate lives and bring about wide-scale solutions for issues that seem to be entrenched in society. This very basis and line of thought has been the motivating force of work at Ashoka which offers 3 year fellowships to social entrepreneurs to let them follow their dream ideas full time. It has an established network of people who spot prospective individuals with different ideas and also help them shape and formulate their idea in a better manner. David holds Ashokas efforts in very high regard and talks about his work with a great deal of respect. At the same time he is bold enough to pinpoint the flaws that this organization made in realizing its mission. For example, in chapter 14 of the book he speaks of the problem in Ashokas approach for going global and how his vision will not be practical in some regions like Africa. In short about the book, it can be said that it is based on individual effort stories and experiences, more of a case study sort; therefore it gets a little disconnected on occasions. It is not page turning as a thriller would be but the message that the book gives is very strong and unwavering throughout. The beauty of the ten individual documented narratives is that there is nothing common in them except for the wonderful outcome of the work once done. Because of the fact that the field of social entrepreneurship has long been neglected, this work by David is a commendable effort and brings to the reader outstanding examples of people who make this world a better place to live in. The idea and concept of social entrepreneurship has remained confined within very specialist spheres but the insight and information provided in these true tales introduce the reader to the greater good being done in the world by people whose work speak for them. David tells the complete story, giving details of every project, the hurdles that it faced and the success that it turned into. It leaves such a strong impact on the readers that once you are through you find yourself dreaming up solutions to rectify social evils. Its not the writing style but the content that is extremely engaging and enlightening at the same time. It is a bible for those wishing to pursue social entrepreneurship. The main setback of the book is that it relies mainly on the Ashoka model which tends to ignore the profit aspect of entrepreneurship leaving a very thin line difference between a social activist and a social entrepreneur. According to David, Social entrepreneurs advance systemic change by altering governing perceptions and, ultimately, wide-scale, behavior patterns. They do this by envisioning a solution and initiating change (which typically takes place over a very long period of time) until their solution becomes the norm. (Bornstein, 2007, pg 2-3). In my report I focus on the overall theme of the book rather than individual stories which are quite motivational and inspiring though. One often wonders how can an individual bring about massive change, especially if its change in the thinking pattern. In his book, David writes about people who are steadfast in their will to change and transform society. They will not stop trying until they have achieved what they wanted. Such determination and commitment is the key to success. It is true that the number of people who will be so obsessed is quite less but they are present, clear in their vision and sure about their accomplishments. The biggest ability of any normal man is that he has many goals which he pursues and balances them well to live successfully. In case of social entrepreneurs, there is a basic prism of their idea and they see everything through it. They do not balance or manipulate their goals; they go for it and get it. Different individuals may contribute at different l evels of any developing sector but that has no effect on the value and worth that they are adding to the society. Social entrepreneurship is a domain which needs experiences of people from all sectors of life and this sheer diversity is what makes it so different and wonderful. The book tells us that to be a successful entrepreneur one needs to be very clear and motivated about the aim and the will to transform the society with the positive idea in mind. A lot of things that are essential to achieve a given task will confront the social entrepreneurs and they will grab and learn it as life throws it at them but they will never be dejected by any hurdle along the way. Amongst my favorite in the book is the story of Jeroo Billimoria of India who is the founder of CHildline India Foundation. Jeroo was determined to do something about the issue of street kids. It was a much ignored subject as nobody ever thought of transforming the lives of the homeless, mostly orphaned street kids. With the small is good approach, Jeroo ventured into a plan; to involve these kids in a self-help program. Initially there were very small successes but with time she was able to establish a distributed and decentralized web of associated Childline programs that have brought about a huge change in the way India now deals with this social issue. Her model is now being adopted all over the world for children self-help programs. A similar compelling story is that of Erzsebet Szekeres of Hungary who also followed the small is good approach and has now been able to revolutionize her nations view and also the treatment of disabled people. The name of her establishment is Alliance Industrial Union (Assisted Living for the Disabled.) She is known and admired for her assisted living societies, incorporated, where a lot of disabled individuals have received a new meaning of life as they learn the art of living well, social and other small job skills that enable a lot of people from these communities to venture out into the society as useful members. This was not easy for Erzsebet to achieve; hers is a tale of unwavering determination and can do spirit with which she was able to tap the strategies that restrict such work in society. The biggest feather to her cap is the way in which she acknowledged the self-assistance chance of making small business ventures in her incorporated community structure. In another example in South Africa, an institute known as the Tateni Home Care Services, which was founded by a nurse, has educated hundreds of young people who were otherwise without jobs to be effective as home care attendants. Now these young individuals are advancing on a base model for providing quality and efficient care to AIDS patients and children without parents throughout the entire country. Similarly in America, an organization based in Washington with the name College Summit started by an ex divinity scholar has aided hundreds of students from the lower-income group to get registered in colleges with a retention rate as high as eighty percent. This summit is now functioning in collaboration with public schools in many cities to redraft their college guidance methods. As Bornstein puts it in his book, Social entrepreneurs are not selfless. If anything, they are self-more in the sense that they heed their instincts, follow their desires, and aggressively pursue their ambitions. (Bornstin, 2007, pg 287). Each of the above mentioned stories discloses the supremacy of a distinct human being steadfastly devoted to making a difference. The power of the book lies in the novel ideas of these determined individuals and the manner in which they executed them. As per the author, People who solve problems must somehow first arrive at the belief that they can solve problems. This belief does not emerge suddenly. The capacity to cause change grows in an individual over time as small-scale efforts lead gradually to larger ones. (Bonstein, 2007, pg 94). All of the above mentioned social entrepreneurs started a small organization based on the philosophy of small is good, each expanded largely over time because of the quality of the work that they were doing, and each represented a typically novel method, a distinct model for dealing with a given social issue in some particular context. The social impact that they were able to achieve was not by any increasing gigantic or structured service association, but by mere perseverance and growth through continuous evolution and reproduction. All of these individuals were followers of natural influence in the absence of any command. They started off with a mere outline infrastructure, enough to suffice the need then present, showcased their ideas and visions for social transformation, and lastly they persistently involved stakeholders and influenced people who were essential for expansion and to see the result of their self-less efforts. Bornstein rightly says, Ideas arent sufficient. There are lots of ideas that go nowhere. It requires a person to move from an idea through the complex process of implementation/realization. (Bornstein, 2007, pg 13). As with every other field, there is a lot of criticism regarding social entrepreneurship too. Some people are of the opinion that these social entrepreneurs are people who utilize business expertise to realize social ends, while others argue that these are the people who start businesses that follow double or triple base line returns. While these aspects are somewhat present in the field of social entrepreneurship, none of these arguments grasp the true spirit and essence of this field. As Bornstein argues in his book that social entrepreneurs cannot be characterized by their plans or tools or skill sets, but they can only be defined by their goals, visions, determination and work ethics. Social entrepreneurs provide an identical function with reference to social amendments as business entrepreneurs accomplish with regard to economic revolutions, that is they clutch prospect chances, assemble resources, put together associations, conquer opposition; and, via a very challenging procedure of promotion and repetitive corrections, they progressively change blueprints in their respective areas, thereby opening new avenues for others to explore. When viewed from a global standpoint, the development in a field like social entrepreneurship represents a major restructuring of the society in general and hence proposes wide scale chances for a lot of individuals. What actually happens is that a small segment of the society that gives importance to social values, a segment which has been operated upon like a power economy, is eventually starting to look like a market economy, constituted by young, enthusiastic, flexible associations drafted by these social entrepreneurs. It has r esulted in a somewhat creative confusion and chaos with a lot of self-charged individuals trying to tackle social problems in their own unique ways, learning in the process how to interlink amongst themselves and with government bodies. Bornstein concludes this book with recommendations on how to further amalgamate this segment of social entrepreneurs deeper into society for its welfare. He suggests that it could officially be studied in colleges and universities with government funding. The last chapter of the book also presents a big challenge to the charitable sector. He maintains that any associations dearth of investment for it to be able to bring about positive change to society remains a stigma for society. A lot of foundations consider themselves as originators of novel concepts. Once a model has been tested by any foundation, the best method is that triumphant and scaleable plans should get government support in financial terms; which remains a big and yet unsolved loop hole in reasoning and experience. Bornstein here compares the potential of these social entrepreneurs to that of the private sectors capacity to help. He is against extra dependency on quantitative performance variables, specifically those t hat are not meant and utilized by the organization itself in determining its own success. He says that people in this field should realize that transformation on mass levels and doing good for society has better, elevated and usually non-measurable aspects. How to Change the World offers the readers with a comprehensive view at the strength of individuals and the capacity present in the organizations to solve social issues successfully. According to him, discovering such people, helping them and supporting their endeavors is another way of philanthropy. HIDDEN CONNECTIONS: Fritjof Capra, the author of the book under discussion and previously a physicist, is renowned for his skills of bringing out the mystic, and to a certain extent, religious elements in life. He is also widely acknowledged for his work in the domain of system sciences. This is a difficult feat to accomplish due to the fact that the conventional western technology-driven approach is quite antithetical to the contrasting mindsets. This book not on displays Capras own evolution from meager bystander inquisitiveness to a scientific curiosity in the different religions of the world and moreover, mysticism to a radical understanding of the restrained interlinks amongst thought process and life, and the human consciousness and brain. The differences among the physical and social sciences as the slit in the human survival method and its understanding of the world, have often been explained but Capra has managed to express his experience and hence been able to bridge this existing gap. The book, Hidden Connections broadly speaks in two domains. In the first half of the book one finds an outstanding briefing to systems science and in the second half, the author describes how to seek organic rather than mechanical solutions for the problems faced by our planet. The book proposes that in general the human societies will do far better if they imitate its existing natural surroundings with which it coexists. The insights that are presented in the book are very inspiring and leave the reader with a better understanding of the basic links to the complex web of other living systems. There are insightful updates on different theories such as the complexity and the Santiago theory of cognition, as well as updates on chemistry and physics and in the end, biotechnology. Furthermore, the author successfully applies the varying facets of complexity theory to the ongoing issues of global capitalism and the current state of affairs of the world. Hence it offers a detailed insight on the intricate adaptive system which has been a progressing trend in the field of science. The views expressed by Capra provide a detailed synopsis of the international financial system and also explains the unfortunate shift in the United States approach; from liberty to free trade/free market which depicts a very single-minded inclination of overall economic globalization. Capra depicts that eco-design and ecological awareness are two primary steps that are required for the formulation of sustainable societies. He also proposes a revolutionary agenda of drafting an abstract framework for the successful integration of varying living systems of cognition, community and biology. Capra in this book spins a web of intellect that adds more significance to the general way of dealing with the major problems of natural networks combined with the many feedback loops taken in context of patterns, relations and processes. These natural networks should be understood so that we don not overlap with their space as they serve all forms of life including the humans. There is infinite potential for development in nature along with ample room for creativity, diversification and upcoming innovativeness of new forms. It is therefore on humans to understand the system to become ecologically smart. The book explains the biggest mystery of all times, that is the survival of life form on earth. As Capra describes, the nature works in a holistic manner whereas, on the contrary, traditional thought process is usually blindly robotic. This is best explained by the fact that some see it as a mere collection of elements where as others are able to see beyond the wall and they discover the values and the intricate purposes that are manifested in the coexistence. The difference is obvious in the functioning of both the systems and their ability to respond to data. A mechanical system merely functions as per the given set of conditions. It is only the inherent intelligence of a living system that it is able to respond to information according to the meaning hidden in it. The intricate feedback loops help the living system to formulate its own response depending upon the situation. The book begins at the most basic stage; the cell being a self-sufficient and self-sustaining, developing system and not something which can be defined in terms of a linear equation from input to output. The prime element of life is of a network unlike the assumption by majority of a machine. According to Capra, nature has nothing to do with failure or success as it is above ay such intent nor does it require competition which the humans thrive upon and as a result of which they attribute their thought processes and even their manner of living to nature. It is a inherent feature in all life forms to survive off each other; the feeding mechanism illustrates this further. So there is no concept of waste product as in its industrial counterpart. In nature one forms waste might be anothers food and in this very fact lays the symmetry and magnificence of nature imparting a sense of self integrity which the human mind strives to understand. Furthermore, Capra explains that it is an exercise in futility to try to capture the non-linear features of living systems in mathematical equations as they are neither completely conventional nor are they totally controllable in the manner which the traditional physicists desire them to be. The only way to capture the essence of nature can be through probabilistic manner of post-quantum philosophy and/or physics as these are the fields that encompass the observer and his state of being as a part of his observation. This is also in accordance with the Santiago theory that maintains that mental activity is the main organizing activity of all living forms at all levels of life. Myths and descriptions make their way into text and are passed on in an attempt to explain the mystery of life and yet have never been completely deciphered by knowledge or even intellect which is the only tools available to man for accomplishment. This calls for the need of a different kind of view that is wide -ranging and hence a different type of education for the people. The target objective of such an education would be to encourage the capacity to understand the hidden connections between different phenomena. Once man is able to realize this, then only will he end the race to control nature and will learn to coexist in harmony with it. After explaining complex adaptive systems, the origin of mind, the nature of life forms, social reality establishing that networks along with its interconnections form the basic structure of life, Carla moves to make the next point in his book. Hidden connections strongly emphasizes that life, society and consciousness are actually surfacing features of other simpler procedures that are deep-rooted in the networks which are the fundamental elements of life. After a lucid introduction to his own thought process in the first half of the book, Carla now moves on to express his views about organization and leadership and other related topics. He has applied complexity theory to organizations in this book which makes it a rather interesting read. It is worth mentioning that Carla has experience in this domain as he devotes his time lecturing and advising senior mangers of corporate giants. He expresses views which are certainly different and even difficult for big corporations to put into practice but one is left with no choice but to admit the rational behind his ideas. He gives a certain examination of global capitalism where he explains the origin and development of the networked economy, the diversified character of the economic grid and the programmed trading of wealth and stocks. He is quite right when he claims that the entire system is beyond the control of any corporation or government or least of all any individual and in its given state yet its automation is in the hands of governments and corporate giants. It may be a monster out of leash but the stake holders that profit from it are quite known. It is no surprise then that when he speaks of employee empowerment, it does not by any mean, imply employee appropriation. He goes on to explain why it is such a challenge to transform the existing culture of big organizations. It is because the people in charge to restructure the organization will draft an organizational chart in a robotic manner but in reality its the social network which is the actual hub and heart of the organization that dra ws out elements from the plan that best suit their interests. Hence the solution to the external perturbation is in reality organically not known, though it may be innovative making the consultant appear well but has little worth in its core. The discussion in the book becomes more captivating when Capra attempts to explain the swift deregulation of economic and trading activities in the past two decades, which mainly took place by non-democratic means via under the table dealings and nominated, instead of elected representatives. This had an impact which unleashed the power of wealth. He strongly criticizes the system where profit minting has made authorities turn a blind eye towards all values, and in the process exposing people to wasteful trade actions. He says that the protesting people are not against globalization which was bound to take place in the technology and information- savvy age but instead they are requesting and forcing for unbiased check and balance structure to be drafted. The basic inherent form of human intelligence should find its proper place in the system and this requires wide-spread activism at the grass-root levels. Looking back at the sixties era and comparing it with the present, Capra identi fies that there exists a new generation; one that has been surrounded by a world divided in cultures. The book Hidden connections spells out an approach, which aims at amalgamating the visions, biological, cultural, environmental and social into one prospect of life. Also, it elucidates that this synthesis in its content has the power to eradicate the sustainable development efforts of its completely biased overtones and instead present it with a clear and solid human and scientific ground. Hidden connections is a book that also points out the fallacies in globalization. Capra considers the issue of globalization a main feature when considering values. In his view, globalization together with all the evils that it manifests in the society is the prime reason for making money a standard measure of everything mindset. He strongly advocates change and instead values being the core of everything. He presents his point by giving the example of societies that are involved in ecologically conscious ways of production and that they are technologically motivating too, but they have no positive influence on the basic principals of economics, class or control/power. Capras aim in this book is to reform capitalism so that it works in favor of society, rather than completely eradicate it. I think that the last section of the book is the strongest of all. This is the part where Capra expresses his views on bio-technology. Genetic engineering is termed as the main dogma by Capra where he expresses that it is fabricated on the notion that individual genes have a direct link on the characteristics and also on the behavioral patterns. Put in other words, genetic engineering is nothing but functional biological determinism. The issue is dealt with head on, outlining the intricate inter-links among organisms, genes and the basic environment in general. Here a lot of quotes are used from other molecular biologists that are also with Capra in questioning this system of belief. He hence explains that biological determinism is one-dimensional and does not even enjoy the support of scientific proof. Moreover, genetic modification and bio-engineering are in essence intensely suspect and hazardous technologies by nature. Here he makes a mention of the genetically modified crops. He is of the view that those engineers who claim that they can engineer food and that would be an answer to the global food scarcity and pest issues are wrong. The end result of biotechnology and the experiments that are carried out are quite obvious. It is more of a technical problem but this could become an unleashed monster if not controlled. These genetically modified crops are actually a false and fake perception of nature and will not work in the long run. Capra strongly defends the nature and calls for solutions that are environment and nature friendly not the currently deployed modes of industrialization, capitalism or mass marketing. The basic idea presented in the book is quite simple; the elementary design procedures to be used in framing of any sort of human organization should be in harmony with the underlying core values of organization in nature which has progressed through decades to form an intricate, yet beautiful web of life. The network remains the core prototype of all living forms and spans from the metabolic cell networks all the way through the food webs existing in the ecosystem. All the processes and constituents are connected with each other. When this understanding is applied to the social sphere then even organizations are viewed as live social establishments. Then Capra moves his attention to the whole human community and reveals his inspiration of the NGOs which play an active role in framing a substitute to th e blind undertaking of resource-wasting path of capitalism inspired industrialization and globalization. Motivated by the lust of affluence and the crazy race of information technology, the procedure is taking inevitably to a further misery and estrangement of the poor. The underdeveloped and poor nations are no longer in a state to have their own plan except for what is shoved on them by the Western systems hidden in the name of best interests. He paints a very real image of the global financial market where a mere click of the mouse enriches individuals and where people are indigent due to a presumed notion of market logic or inaccurate perception of risk. Money has thus become the main instrument to make more money where it has more worth than values, democracy or nature in the least. Capra thus tries to open the eyes of the common man and make him realize that life is not a problem to be solved; it is rather a mystery to be lived to the fullest. WHAT THE BLEEP DO WE KNOW: The book What the bleep do we know is a result of joint efforts of three individuals who have different perceptions about things that otherwise appear as ordinary. William Arntz is known to have formulated a software that is extensively used all over the world. A spiritual seeker and a research physicist, he took an earl retirement to pursue his interests. He wished to combine his four areas of interest; science, art of film making, spiritual curiosity and computer technology. Co-author Betsy Chasse worked as a freelance production manager on more that 30 films and is also accredited for producing 8 films before setting up her mind to use her life in a more constructive manner and do something more purposeful. Co-author Mark Vicente, previously a cinematographer turned director possessed keen interest in mystifying, unusual and also insightful subject themes. The book which is the combined intellect of such fine minds is hence difficult to categorize. It is a self-help book and at the same time it is about science and spiritual guidance too. It deals the issues of the nature of reality, improbability, the influence of mental, physical and spiritual agents in formulating human reality. The book does not provide answers but opens different avenues for thought. It outlines the spiritual queries and scientific information that take the reader in deeper regions allowing him to accept the clinch of psyche and science. Perhaps the best thing about the book is the ease with which it discusses the topics and contains insightful discussion on the given subject matter. A long time back, in the battle of discovery and justifications, religion and science split in different directions. However, the truth remains that both are different sides of the same coin and cannot be viewed as separate entities. Science and religion both aid in discovering the mysteries of the universe, humans position in this divine layout and hence the purpose of our living. This they can only achieve when they work with each other as opposed to against each other. In this book of amazing science, on the basis of extensive research and theoretical scientists, it takes the reader to a different level of consciousness; one that is a thin line between the inner/outer limits of our scientific know-how, vision, brain structure and even body chemistry. It makes the reader wonder what thought is made of, what constitutes reality and most of all how is a thought capable of transforming the nature and perception of reality. A famous saying by Joe Dispenza is, The whole purpose of this game: we prepare our body chemically, through a thought, to have an experience. However, if we keep preparing our body chemically to have the same thoughts, to have the same experiences, we wont ever evolve as human beings. All this knowledge and science takes the reader beyond the materialistic world into the deeper spheres of spirituality. If ones vision and outlook has an effect on the end result, then each individual is not just an observer of the universe but an active participant in shaping it. The authors propose that if visions are more than mere haphazard neural firings, then realization is indeed is much more than just an anatomical happening. All this indicates to the presence of a supreme authority out there but the question remains is it really there; if yes then what is the definition of out there. The book is a mind boggling exercise as it does not give answers but opens a thinking process of mind exhausting queries; a book that does not outline the path but the numerous possibilities that lead to the destination. One is left wondering if one really has to follow a set routine everyday; why do the same chores, why feel the same and why end up in the mess of chores that life throws. As Wil liam Tiller puts it. Our purpose here is to develop our gifts of intentionality. And learn how to be effective creators. It offers a very interesting and different approach to spirituality and self-help on almost every aspect of life. It teaches the readers how the reality, mental, physical and spiritual forces integrate and formulate the human reality as we see it. It therefore explores thoroughly the spiritual aspect of humans and transforms them into debatable discussions. The authors present direct questions such as, Are we seeing the world as it really is? What are thoughts made of? What is the relationship between our thoughts and our world? And Are we biologically addicted to certain emotions? The possibilities lie in the chapters of the book that offers intriguing insight into human reality. The book proposes that mind is in essence matter because we are what our mind tells us. As Budha puts it. All that we are is a result of what we have thought. The mind is everything. What we think, we become. The book also makes a mention of the controversial experiment by Dr.Masaru Emoto where he froze water as crystals and took certain photographs of it. He claimed that when the word love was uttered infront of these crystals they took shape of happier objects and similarly when sickness was mentioned the result was gloomy photographs. This however remains a very debatable experiment as one can argue that it is the observers perception into play and for the experiment to actually work, the observer should be unknown to the meaning of the words spoken. Besides this the book presents a different definition of the observer. The readers are made to wonder who actually is an observer and what influence does he have in deducing reality. It also presents different situations where experiences could have multiple outcomes depending upon the context in which they were viewed. It basically stresses on the fact that each individual plays an active role in shaping his or her reality and therefore one has to step forward and take ownership of responsibility. It goes a step further in the rabbit hole and aids us in confronting the key questions and then offers ample food for thought. The information provided in the book is easy to comprehend; like how the brain functions, how human emotions participate in the firm wiring of the manner we respond to situations in life etc. It encourages human to create their own lives rather than wasting their lives in search of somebody elses ides of life. As Henry D. Thoreau says, Go confidently in the direction of your dreams. Live the life you have imagined. The book also offers insight into the field of quantum physics explaining in detail the various theories of the subject which are well presented with captivating illustrations and actual simulation of the right human brain. A common perception is that humans dont really experience first hand, in any manner, the quantum dynamics in everyday life. Given this understanding then there is no logic to wait for the human senses or the more alert intuition to develop to comprehend the quantum world with ease, the manner in which we perceive time, gravity, cause/ effect etc. This is another way of saying that the human brains are not able to appreciate the quantum mechanics, simply because of the fact that they never had to comprehend it till recent times. In short, the humans have utilized their intellectual capabilities to examine it as a highly sophisticated branch of physics. This rationale is not justified in practice as it does not permit the current days developmental self-actualizatio n debates at all. Quoting Amit Goswami, Every observation can be looked upon as quantum measurement, because quantum measurements produce brain memory. There is a sequence in how we see things. Our ideas of the memory of the past lead us to a perception of any observation of the present scenario which then transforms into a vision affecting or altering reality. Another strong domain of the book is the manner in which it explains the power of mind; how humans have the potential to enforce logic, rationale and significance on the haywire and self-centered universe that it survives in, abandoning the ingrained superior intellect and judgment in the course. As a society too, humans do not seem to realize that reality might not necessarily be instinctive and there might exist some superior authority out there which has a better agenda and logic for the human existence. Humans have a lot of information but there is a whole lot that they are unaware of, countless mysteries in the universe that instead of accepting they try to substitute with what they wish to be real and true. As Ramtha mentions, We are here to be creators. We are here to infiltrate space with ideas and mansions of thought. We are here to make something of this life. The most impressive thing about the book is its ability to drill down into practical subjects of demonstrating with the assistance of effects how supplementary things act with growing age. It surely makes a huge difference in ones way of thinking. It describes a strange yet intriguing world where it is said that matter cannot survive, despite the fact that it may make multiple appearances at the same time. It is only what the human mind wants to see making the difference between religion and science very bleak as the readers become aware that both these aspects of life point to the same concept. The authors claim that people can actually rewire their synapses and hence conceive a better vision or perception of their surroundings. The character in the book, Amanda is made to re-assess her life. As her seemingly dull life begins to untangle, she becomes aware of the uncertainty inherent in it and also of the quantum field that lay beneath what she deemed as her normal routine life. In this journey, Amanda is forced to admit that by really opening her mind and thoughts and seeing the world, her life transforms into something new altogether. She thus learns how to take control and transform her life by merely changing the manner in which she took the situations and circumstances she was in. Arntz says in this book, Most people think the outside world just happens. Were suggesting theres a big connection between what you think inside your mind and whats happening outside. There is a novel understanding revealed of the manner in which matter, molecules, energy, atoms, particles all work in our surroundings. There are scenarios where gravity does not hold good. There are things which can be classified as both particles and waves as opposed to common understanding of physics, electrons have the tendency to simply vanish into oblivion without any reason and all these things happen round the clock. If the universe in which the humans live in is so untamed and erratic, blossoming with possibilities then why such an inside the box approach to life and why chain our understanding and thoughts in any given spheres. REFERENCES: Arntz, William; Chasse, Betsy;Vicente, Mark 2005: What the bleep do we know, HCI. Bhagwati, Jagdish 2004: In Defense of Globalization, Oxford University Press. Bornstein, David 2007: How to Change the world: Social entrepreneurs and the power of new ideas. Capra, Fritjof 2005: The hidden connections, science for sustainable living, Harper Collins.