Evaluating Business Communication Essay

This paper incorporates the impression of four communiquã ©s. This sort of recognition is a portrayal of whether these reports are precise, moral, and in the right arrangement. This paper gives a depiction of the type of administration and the precision of the reports in this kind of authority. When composing a business communiquã © an individual needs to think about a few factors. The reason, crowd, and authority sort of the organization must be viewed as when providing details regarding a choice. This paper incorporates the audit of the four communiquã ©s and shows choices on reports where or not they were exact, and right in the detailing styles utilized. The following is the breakdown of this supposition on the reports. In this paper, there are four communiquã ©s that were explored which comprised of an email, letter, formal report, and a reminder. These reports passed on that the procurement being referred to ought not continue. This report incorporates the explanation behind not proceeding in all the reports, and the right configuration of casual or formal was utilized in each. It is viewed as that the proper report to the organization Chief Executive Officer was the right arrangement, yet the letter, email, and reminder could have been replaceable for sending this data to the promoting administrator, bookkeeping companions, or project lead. Then again, since these reports were composed by the staff bookkeeper and the bookkeeping supervisor, it made every one of these representatives equivalent in position to the individuals they were relating with, in this way the casual report was right. The reports could be improved by a few different ways. One route is to incorporate the quantities of the working costs and deals that are referenced, and the other would be a clarification of the ghost stock that the staff bookkeeper accepts is being accounted for. This would be a significant point to include. Explanation s of benefits and misfortunes are incorporated, yet there is no data to back the data up. Accordingly, it would be critical to see precisely what the bookkeeping staff has found. Too little data is utilized in every one of these reports. When composing these communiquã ©s, it is accepted that since the organization workers utilize the fair style initiative and most have assisted with this choice, that an official choice for the suggestion will expectedly accompany numerous beneficiaries of these communiquã ©s, so the manner in which these reports are designed is satisfactory and doesn't speak to a style not the same as the organization style. Understudies likewise took a gander at moral ramifications of sending this data through reports in the organization. This data is significant and moral to send, in light of the fact that these reports are for workers who are engaged with the procurement of the organization. Simultaneously, each report must incorporate the data must be stayed with private inside the main. This could bring about a claim if the other organization is influenced and chooses to discover another purchaser later on. Taking everything into account, the assessed communiquã ©s were finished in the data that should have been clarified, didn't have any data that was a bit much, and was in the right arrangement for each proposed beneficiary. References Correspondence and the Audience. Robin Guffey, Mike Dowd, Amy Shepherd, and Jenni Lindsay. (2011). Recovered from University of Phoenix Online, Business Communications of Accountants site. Bookkeeping Scenario. College of Phoenix. (2011). Recovered from University of Phoenix, Business Communication of Accounting site.

Hire With your Head Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Recruit With your Head - Essay Example Furthermore, there are likewise legitimate expenses and moral contemplations any association may look because of a poor recruiting process. It, in this way, is basic to make the procedure as impeccable as conceivable through posing the correct inquiry, testing the right aptitudes and finding out the best capabilities. In normal circumstances, discovering great individuals that coordinate desires demonstrate troublesome. Subsequently, most associations stagger to the ground notwithstanding having qualified people (Alder 178). Every one of these issues point back to the employing procedure, which may be costly with respect to circumstance and cash. In this light, the paper takes a profound understanding at section 6 of Lou Alder’s book Hire with your head. †¢ Evidently, Lou Alder is a senior corporate official experienced in finding, assessing, recruiting and acclimatizing new representatives into the workplace. Through his book Hire with your head, a precise methodology wins for finding and welcoming on board new representatives of extraordinary abilities and efficiency. Outstandingly, the recruiting procedure is confused by Alders book rearranges the constant procedure. †¢ Interviewers frequently botch the main competitors and affirm them for the key positions. Basically, Alder respects, these basic mix-ups as genuine employing issues that hold an inappropriate competitors while the correct applicants face removal. The primary meeting is a road for gathering data and not a dynamic stage. Any meeting that incites selection of choices at the main stage deteriorates or change the recruiting procedure.

Advertising Techniques to Lower Ad Spend

Advertising Techniques to Lower Ad Spend Look at the financial statements, specifically the expense reports and budget plans, of any business, and you will find that they have allocated certain significant amounts on advertising.Some may have spent more than others, while others may have done so sparingly, and that could be due to various reasons. Advertising is considered to be one of the necessary expenses of a business.In order to advertise or gain exposure for your product or brand, you have to spend some money. That is what we call Ad Spend. © Shutterstock | safriibrahimIn this article, we will 1) check what do you know about ad spend and 2) how to effectively lower your ad spend with the right advertising strategies.WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT AD SPEND?Ad Spend, which is short for “advertising expenditure,” is literally the amount of money that is spent by a business, company or organization on advertising and announcements for a product, service, brand or activity. Usually, the figure presented is on an annual basis.In this digital age, there are those who are under the impression that digital advertising expenditure should be differentiated from the expenses incurred in traditional advertisement, and the former is what truly composes what we now call ad spend. This notion is not entirely correct, because ad spend also covers spending on advertising media other than digital or online advertising.So what constitutes Ad Spend?Basically, anything that is classified as “advertising expense”. Depending on the marketing and advertising strategies of the company, it may include spending on the main advertising channels such as print (e.g. newspapers, magazines), television, and radio. If the company also advertises in movie theaters and outdoor drive-in cinemas, these expenses will also be classified as ad spend. Other forms of outdoor advertising will also fall as part of ad spend.If you look at how Procter Gamble defines it, ad spend is composed of advertising through traditional media (print and television), online advertising, in-store advertising via displays or third party vendors, and agency fees paid to advertising agencies and professionals. It excludes, however, the salaries and benefits paid to its marketers.Controlling Ads SpendingControlling business spending, in general, is easier said than done. In order to earn profit, you have to be willing to spend some money. That is a given. You cannot keep a tight grip on your company’s purse strings, refusing to spend more than you have to o r want to, and expect revenues to pour in. That is not how it works.However, this does not mean that you have to completely let go of your grip and splurge on business expenditures. You have to control your spending, and one of the areas where businesses find themselves having trouble controlling their expenses is in advertising.The first step to lowering ad spend is to set a budget and to stick to it. It is important to set a spending limit on how much you are willing to spend on advertising your products, services, brand or projects.When setting an advertising budget, some of the factors to be considered are:Advertising strategies of competitors. If competitors are spending tons of money on their advertising, does this mean you have to do the same? Not necessarily. What you have to do is study how your competitors are advertising, and where. Information on how much they are actually spending on ads may not be readily available to you, so what you can do is make an estimate out of your observation of their advertising. You may use that estimate as your benchmark, and find ways to be competitive without necessarily matching their cost.Your company’s advertising objectives. What do you want to achieve by the end of the year? Do you want to increase the number of customers you have by 15%? How much revenue do you expect to earn from this? The estimate may then be used to set a budget for advertising.Your previous years’ ads spending. If your business has been operating for several years already, you can use historical information. How much have you spent on advertising in the past three to five years? Were you satisfied with the results of incurring such costs? Do you need to increase or decrease your ads spending? By what fraction?Budgeting is not the only way for you to control ads spending, since you may also employ advertising techniques to reduce this type of expense.Get some overview on the biggest advertising channels, advertising trends, and benchmar ks from the following slides.[slideshare id=50977127doc=digitaladspendingbenchmarksbyindustry-thecompleteemarketerseriesfor2015-150727161827-lva1-app6892type=dw=640h=330]HOW TO LOWER AD SPEND THROUGH ADVERTISINGA. Evaluate your advertising placements or locationsYou may not know it, but you may be spending your advertising budget on an area or location where you do not have customers. Think about it. You are selling winter clothes, but a great chunk of your advertising is spent in a country that does not even have winter or snow. That’s a huge waste of ad spend right there.From the market studies and research you conducted when starting the business, you already know who your target market is â€" geographically and demographically. These are the areas and groups of people that you should target with your advertising.More often than not, the location considerations will include the following:The country or nation where your target consumers are.The state in the country where your t arget consumers live in.The specific city or cities where your consumers are.Be as specific as you can. You want to be able to reach as many of your potential customers as you can.By identifying and evaluating the locations of your target market, you can choose where to spend the bulk of your ads spending, and where to spend less. It is time to pull out all winter wear ads from that tropical country and turn them instead to your customers in the North.The same is true when considering physical placement of ad signs and materials. A LED screen featuring footage of a product ad situated overlooking a major intersection or thoroughfare will definitely cost more than a simple poster hung on a sidewalk in a sidestreet. Again, consider the product and the market.If your target customers do not really frequent that thoroughfare and they are more the type to walk through that sidewalk, it won’t make sense to spend thousands of dollars on a billboard or LED screen advertisement.B. Evaluate your advertising timing or schedulingHow often, and how long, do you run your ads? Is it 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 4 weeks a month, 365 days of the year? While this idea gives your advertising department an easy time, since they will just let them run without bothering to work out a schedule, it may be costing you.There are periods known as downtimes, where the ads are not generating clicks. Or, even if they are generating clicks, there are no significant conversions that come out of these clicks. Running ads during these periods is a waste of resources.In social media advertising, run your campaign at times when your target market is online. There is no point running your ads when the people you are trying to reach are not there, to begin with. If you are a company with customers living in a different time zone, make sure you run the campaign when they are awake on the other side of the world. This may require some sacrifice on your part, as you have to be awake when everyone on your time zone is asleep, but that is unavoidable.Change it up a little. Maybe you thought your ad has killer content. “Nobody could possibly resist it” or “they are definitely going to like it and be intrigued by it”. Well, that kind of thinking may not last. Target markets are naturally fickle and may have short attention spans, so they may end up being bored after being exposed to the same ad for a specific period. That’s why it is a good idea to have several versions of the ads, so you can offer variety. You do not want your target market to get tired of you too quickly.Do not get too attached. This is somehow related to the previous tip. No matter how much you believe in the content of your ad, there will come a time when you have to face facts and admit that it is no longer engaging the market. It has already run its course and now performing poorly, which means it is only wasting your ad spend. Pull it out and replace it with something new, instead of spending y our advertising budget on something that is no longer generating any return.Once you have identified the times when clicks and conversions are high, you know which schedule to run your paid ads on. That way, you do not waste precious ad spend on advertisements that will not result in any clicks or conversions.Your choice is to either not run ads at all during those times, or you may continue to run them, but negotiate for lower ad or bid rates. Doing this will help reduce at least 5% of ad spend.C. Evaluate ad content usedIt is the content of your advertisement that will catch the attention of your target market. If they are not catchy enough, or do not pique their interest, then there is no way that they will be convinced to look at it a second time, click on it, or even act on it.Review images and words used. For this, you may need to consult with your advertising experts on picking which images should be used, and what words should appear on your ads. Do not fall victim to verbos e tendencies, where you pack too much information on an ad, turning it into a short novel or a short story.Evaluate search terms and keywords. It is possible that you are paying for clicks that are not related to your business. For example, a flower shop may pay for the phrase-match keywords “free delivery”. This key phrase may then trigger other search terms, such as “pizza free delivery”, “Chinese food free delivery”, and the like. Your ad spend is basically covering all these clicks as well, and the fact that they are not contributing to your business means you are wasting your money. When picking search terms, choose terms that relate specifically to your business, so you will avoid wasting ad spend.Rethink the size of your ads. Ad size also means money. In the Yellow Pages, magazines and newspapers, the bigger the size of your ad is, the higher price you will have to pay. Find a way to decrease the size of your ad without sacrificing content and visibility.D. Go dig italThis is something that many business â€" especially the conservative and traditional ones â€" are still apprehensive about. Many are still dubious about the idea that digital advertising costs less than traditional advertising. Considering that technology is the main tool used, how can that be possible?While it is true that traditional advertising â€" print and broadcast â€" still makes up the bulk of the whole advertising pie, internet advertising is steadily growing, spurred further by mobile technology advancing at a fast clip. Online ads are now viewed, and clicks and conversions are made, not only in desktop PCs and laptops, but also in smartphones and mobile devices.By going digital and taking your advertising online, you will be spending less than what you company is currently incurring on usual advertising channels such as television, radio, magazine, newspapers, and the Yellow Pages. In fact, more and more users are even choosing to go online rather than browse through the Yellow Pages, so you can be sure that moving your ad spend in the Yellow Pages to online advertising will not be a waste.The reach of online advertising is also greater than, say, television, which may only be local or national. Advertise on national TV, and the ads will only run in the country. Advertise online, and you can reach your customers in other countries as well.E. Perform regular organic tests on your social media adsWhat you may be doing is this: you pick one or two ads that you like and feel will work to promote your product and your brand. Then you immediately use these two ads on your paid social media campaigns.You will be commended for your bravery and confidence. But it is not an assurance that you were putting your advertising money to good use. Why? Because you did not test whether the ads that you chose â€" and paid for â€" are the ones that will engage your target market the most.Now here is what you should do when we say you should test your social media a ds organically:First, decide on the content that you want to appear in the ad. Be selective; do not pack it all in; otherwise you will have an ad that looks too stuffy and all over the place.Create the ad â€" several versions of it. If you can create more than three, or even more than five, go for it. You can use different images, messaging techniques, and aesthetics, but always focusing on the same content.Publish the different versions of your ad to your social media profiles at the same time. Simultaneously, if you can. This will take some time, and may normally run over a few weeks.Monitor the published or posted ads and identify the one that generated the highest number of click-throughs. Which ad, and which version, garnered the highest engagement? Which post performed the best?The posts or published ads that registered the highest engagement will be the ones that you should use on your paid social advertisements. These are the posts worth spending your advertising budget on. F. Monitor campaigns regularlyThis is where many companies unknowingly hemorrhage ad spend. They picked an ad, they spent on it, let it run, then leave it at that. They just let the ad “do its work”, without following up on whether it is actually working, or if it continues to work.Ads, especially on social media, have a very short life spans. Its lifecycle is fairly quick, which is to be expected, considering how quickly the movement is in social media. What you post today may be buried by other, newer, posted ads tomorrow. Therefore, vigilance is required, and monitoring is of utmost importance.The great thing about monitoring is how you will be kept on your toes. The moment you realize that an ad is not working, or its engagement is in a decline, you can quickly figure out the reason why and act on it promptly. Being able to catch it early means you can make the adjustments earlier, and prevent your advertising funds from being drained. G. Split or piggybackAnother way to low er your ads spending is to split advertising costs with companies or entities that sell to you, or that you use as a distribution channel. Collaboration in your advertising may reduce your spending on advertising.Similarly, you know when consumers receive their bills or other flyers, and there are other brochures thrown in? That is called “piggybacking”. If you can find a way to piggyback with flyers of your own, offering to pitch in on the advertising cost, that will save you on your ads spending.Prioritization is one of the things that you have to learn if you want to minimize or reduce your spending on advertising. Choose the ones that work, and prioritize them. It is through identifying which you should pour your advertising budget on that you can get started on a more streamlined ad spend, and use your resources on what matters most.

Summary Of Nathan Jergensons The IRL Fetish - 918 Words

In the article â€Å"The IRL Fetish† by Nathan Jergenson, is a powerful essay that demonstrates the idea of this so called â€Å"Fetish† that we have with technology today. Within this essay Jergenson uses specific word choice in his essay to strengthen his argument about being connected. He uses quotes from other speakers and writers to get his points acrossed about this fetish that we have in our society right now. Finally, Jergenson also talks about the little victories that we have with technology, like â€Å"logging off†, and the irrational fear that we have about being disconnected. Jergenson uses very important vocabulary in his writing of this essay. He uses terms like fetish, digital dualism, and Myopic. The title of this essay is â€Å"The IRL†¦show more content†¦127). He digs at the fact that she has many more experiences then us normal/ middle class people. We then can infer that he was talking about how some people it’s easy for them to disconnect because they have such a lavish lifestyle to keep in touch with. I also agree with Jengenson argument because not everyone has a great life, sometimes social media is there â€Å"escape† or safe haven from the troubles and stresses of the real world. I for one have been guilty of going to the digital world when I’m having a hard time in the real world. By logging on I tend to forget about what happening in the real world and flock to things that will be the complete opposite of how things are in the real world. Jengenson also makes a point about how people are proud to be logged off. And I 100% agree with him. I for one have been guilty of being proud for not using my phone, at things like the being at dinner table, holidays, and hanging out with friends and family. For the most part I do have my phone out because sometimes funny things happen to me at dinner or with the family, so it is very hard not to be tempted to catch something and share it with my friends and family on social media. One week I went to a leadership camp in the summer and to attend we had to agree to leave all technology at home, for a full week. Now I know that sounds pathetic but it

Essay on A Tale of Two Cultures - 783 Words

------------------------------------------------- Case Study 1 ------------------------------------------------- 1. If your international firm were doing business in Asia, would you feel partly responsible for these social trends? Is there anything that your company could do to ease the tensions these cultures are experiencing? Be specific. ------------------------------------------------- Our company has no direct impact in the changing social trends happening in Asian countries. There are steps we could take to help create a Segway between many of the social and cultural changes occurring. ------------------------------------------------- As an American company operating in a foreign nation, it is our intention to assimilate†¦show more content†¦The flow of information and goods at increasingly rapid rates makes it easier for people to gain access to illegal drugs. As more individuals use drugs, new markets emerge and with those markets come criminal enterprises. ------------------------------------------------- Globalization can adversely affect a balance of power to a nation’s institutions by weakening them. Sovereignty is lost as foreign investors come in and control more of the market, further weakening the institutions that regulate commerce. As more information and opportunities enter into the lives of people in these Asian countries, cultural institutions like family begin to break down. More young people seek to capture opportunities and leave their respective families behind. ------------------------------------------------- While globalization helps countries compete on a global level, it has adverse effects on many of the cultural institutions of those countries. Therefore, globalization is playing an integral role in the increased incidence of divorce, crime, and drug abuse in Asia. ------------------------------------------------- 3. Broadly defined, Asia comprises more than 60 percent of the world’s population—a population that practices Buddhism, Confucianism, Hinduism, Islam and numerous otherShow MoreRelatedA Slave Legend, The Algonquin Cinderella, And Tam And Cam918 Words   |  4 PagesWe all know Cinderella, the girl whose step- mother and sisters were horrendous to her. In the end she gets the prince, of course. These tales don’t follow that same story line. Their personalities, royal future, their father figure, and the magic in the stories all differ. These four Cinderella tales are Aschenputtel, The Twelve Months: A Slave Legend, The Algonquin Cinderella, and Tam and Cam. Each has different elements that can be compared, but they also have elements that can be contrasted.Read MoreThe Vs. 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Android Mobile os Vs Desktop os Free Essays

Mobile os Vs Desktop os Android was designed from the ground up as an operating system (OS) for mobile devices. Its built-in application and memory-management systems were engineered with battery life as one of the most critical concerns. The Android OS does not work like a desktop operating system. We will write a custom essay sample on Android: Mobile os Vs Desktop os or any similar topic only for you Order Now On a desktop OS, like Windows, Mac OS X, or Ubuntu Linux, the user is responsible for closing programs in order to keep a reasonable amount of memory available. On Android, this is not the case. The OS itself automatically removes programs from memory as memory is needed. The OS may also preload applications into memory which it thinks might soon be needed. Under the Hood of Google Android The easiest way I can think of to visualize Android’s structure is by imagining a house with five rooms The house represents Android in general. The rooms inside, however, represent the five key features in Android’s structure: * Applications * The Application Framework * Libraries * Android  Runtime * Linux Kernel. Now, imagine that each of these rooms hold a certain number of people. Each person represents an element of that room. Different rooms hold different amounts of people. Applications This first room is a doozy. It’s â€Å"people† represent all the applications that you have in Android. Games, SMS a calendar, maps, a browser, and your contacts. All applications are written in Java ,so you can add or take away as many of these as you like. The Application Framework As a developer, you’ll have full acces to the APIs used by the core apps. Android is designed so that any application can publish its capabilities. In turn, any  other  application can use those capabilities, as well. It has some security constraints, as is expected, but still. That’s pretty awesome. Along with all that, you get a Content Provider (which allows apps to share information), a Resource Manager (to help you with graphics, layout files, etc), a Notification Manager (which gives you those annoying status beeps and such), and an Acticity Manager (which manages the life cycle of your apps). All in all, when it comes to creating applications quickly and easily, Android has you covered. We’ll cover how to write an application in another article. So, you could say that the ‘people’ in this room are the managers and providers and etc. Believe me, there are a LOT. Libraries Android has a set of core libraries off of which the applications run. As always, developers can directly access these. Some of the core libraries include FreeType, SQLite, LibWebCore, and SGL. Android Runtime You could say that the ‘Android runtime’ room is pretty exclusive– it only has two people: the Dalvik Virtual Machine and the core libraries (am I getting on your nerves with this ‘people’ thing yet? ). In Google Android, there’s a tool called ‘DX’. What this does is it executes files in ‘. dex’ format, which are specially for the Dalvik Virtual Machine. This format is also created for minimal memory footprints, which makes it ideal for cell phones. The Dalvik Virtual Machine is written so it can run multiple prcesses quickly and smoothly. It relies on the Linux Kernel to do its magic. We’ll talk about that right after this. Linux Kernel Lastly, we have the Linux Kernel. This little room contains the Keypad, WiFi, Camera, and etc. drivers. The Linux Kernel holds all of Android’s internal structure together. It uses Linux 2. 6, and also acts like an abstraction layer between the hardware and the software. 6 FILE SYSTEM . 1 Storage media: NAND Android uses the YAFFS flash file system, the first NAND optimized Linux flash file system. For mobile devices, hard disks are too large in size, too fragile and consume too much power to be useful. In contrast, flash memory provides fast read access time and better kinetic shock resistance than hard disks. There are fundamentally two different types of flash memory based on their c onstruction technique: NOR and NAND. NOR is low density, offers slow writes and fast reads. NAND is low cost, high density and offers fast writes and slow reads. Embedded systems are increasingly using NAND flash for storage and NOR for code and execution. Limitations Important limitations of NAND memory include block erasure and memory wear. Block erasure means that when erasing any memory the whole block must be erased. NAND can be randomly accessed on a page basis during programming, but cannot offer arbitrary random access rewrite or erase during normal operation. To overcome this limitation, memory segments are marked to be removed or â€Å"dirty†. When the entire block is dirty, then it can be erased. Memory wear means that there are a limited number of erase-write cycles in the flash memory and at the end of its lifetime the data integrity of storage will deteriorate. Wear levelling techniques are used to uniformly use whole sections and to optimize the total lifetime of the device. Bad block management (BBM) is also used to perform write verification and remapping to spare sectors in case of write failure. 6. 2 File system for NAND: YAFFS YAFFS (Yet Another Flash File System) was developed by Toby Churchill Ltd (TCL) as a reliable filing system with fast boot time for their flash memory devices. They initially tried to modify existing flash file systems such as JFFS (used mainly for NOR) to add NAND support, but it turned out that the slow boot time and RAM consumption of existing flash file systems was unacceptable. This led them to develop a different flash file system especially for NAND according to its features and limitations to optimize performance and ensure robustness. Upon completion YAFFS performed better than existing flash file systems and can still be used with NOR, even though it is was specifically designed for NAND. YAFFS is the first flash file system specifically designed for NAND flash. YAFFS includes the following features: †¢ Journaling: a log-structured file system, which makes it robust to possible power failures. Note that YAFFS requires some RAM to maintain the data structure for its log. †¢ Garbage collection: highly optimized and predictable garbage collection strategies that makes it high performance and deterministic under hard writing. Collection is executed when free space becomes low. †¢ Lower memory requirement: it has a lower memory footprint than most other logstructured flash file systems, so it is more scalable. Flexibility: it uses a more general definition of NAND flash, is highly configurable and can be customized to work with various flash devices, different geometries, different error correction options, caching options, etc. †¢ Portability: although YAFFS was originally designed for use with Linux, its modular design make it easy and portable to many operating systems. The file-system-specific code was kept separate from t he main YAFFS file system code. The YAFFS Direct Interface (YDI) can hook up to other filesystems by applying a wrapper layer. Robustness: it is well tested and has been used in many products. Bad block handling and error correction mitigate the limitations of flash memory. We can conceptually treat YAFFS as an improved version of flash file system with following improvements: 1. YAFFS uses less run-time RAM. 2. YAFFS garbage collection is simpler and faster. 3. YAFFS uses a whole page per file for headers and provides no compression. 4. YAFFS can be used on NOR but, will not perform very well. Therefore, partition size can be a guideline to choose between YAFFS and JFFS. For smaller partition sizes JFFS is better suited whereas for larger sizes YAFFS performs better. KERNAL MODIFICATIONS Android is based on the Linux, but does not use a standard Linux kernel. The kernel enhancements of Android include alarm driver, ashmem (Android shared memory driver), binder driver(Inter-Process Communication Interface), power management, low memory killer, kernel debugger and logger. All these kernel enhancements have been contributed back to the open source community under the GNU Public License (GPL) [8]. Here we list a summary of the most substantial components : alarm driver: provides timers to wake devices up from sleep * ashmem: allows applications to share memory and manages the sharing in kernel levels. * binder driver: facilitates inter-process communication since data can be shared by multiple applications through the use of shared memory. A service registered as an IPC service do not have to worry about different threads because binder will handle, moni tor and manage them. Binder also takes care of synchronization between processes. * Power management: built on the top on standard Linux Power Management (PM) and take a more aggressive policy to manage and save power. Android is hailed as â€Å"the first complete, open, and free mobile platform. † Complete: The designers took a comprehensive approach when they developed the Android platform. They began with a secure operating system and built a robust software framework on top that allows for rich application development opportunities. Open: The Android platform is provided through open source licensing. Developers have unprecedented access to the handset features when developing applications. Free: Android applications are free to develop. There are no licensing or royalty fees to develop on the platform. No required membership fees. No required testing fees. No required signing or certification fees. Android applications can be distributed and commercialized in a variety of ways. Android instead has its own Linux power extension, Power Manager instead. The core power driver (Shown at the bottom of Figure 3 as â€Å"Power†) was added to the Linux kernel in order to facilitate this functionality. This module provides low level drivers in order to control the peripherals supported by the Power Manager. These peripherals currently include: screen display and backlight, keyboard backlight and button backlight. Each peripheral’s power is controlled through the use of Wake Locks. These locks are requested through the API whenever an application requires one of the managed peripherals to remain powered on (Each lock setting shown in Table 1). If no wake lock exists which â€Å"locks† the device, then it is powered off to conserve battery life. In the case of multiple power settings the transition is managed through the use of delays based on system activity. A sample of this behaviour is shown in Figure 4 for the screen backlight. In addition to Wake Locks the Power. How to cite Android: Mobile os Vs Desktop os, Papers

Educational Leadership Strategy and Collaboration †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Educational Leadership for Strategy and Collaboration. Answer: Introduction Everyday activities require some form of organization or pre-planned duties to be accomplished. The success of investment depends on well-calculated strategies. In a business set up, supervisors and managers cannot risk acting out of impulse since this may endanger the business(Adner, 2012). When all factors are held constant, the decisions made are to ensure set objectives are achieved. This does not rule out the possibility of an eventuality occurring thereby prompting the management to develop different strategies. It is necessary to understand planning processes, which include deliberate strategy, incremental strategy, and emergent strategy since they are used to secure the objectives of an institution. The deliberate strategy is a formal strategic planning process. It is rational since it evaluates strategic choices, alternatives and current position analysis. It involves other planning techniques like SWOT analysis(Betts, 2014, p. 45). The deliberate strategy is, therefore, the blueprint that formal businesses have to clearly show how they would achieve their objectives. The incremental strategy involves making small changes gradually over time to an already existing strategy. It is aimed at keeping the entity afloat and takes care of the small organizational and environmental changes the organization is operating in. Emergent strategy is an urgent plan used in response to unforeseen situation demanding an immediate action(Steiner, 2014). Organizations may develop new strategies to respond to unexpected opportunities. These strategies may not have been captured in the initial formal plan. A strategy is a model of organized activities especially in an organization that has been planned to achieve some given objectives. Some strategies could be short term or long term. Strategic plans for companies could be covering ten or more years in the future (Steiner, 2015). Some scholars have defined strategy as a pattern of activities adapted to organizations' operations, scope and resources that seek to achieve given objectives (Dransfield Needham, 2014, p. 77) Johnson and Scholes have brought in another view of strategy development as they have broadened it in three different ways. In their approach, they have employed the use of the term strategy lenses to describe strategy development. In their words, strategy is viewed as an experience, a design and ideas (Whittington, et al., 2013, p. 88) The experiences received in the past are taken as the guide for the future plans since the past failures and successes will influence the future strategies. Organizations decisions will be determined by their past experiences of the senior management. In this lens, precedence set will influence the future decisions (Freedman, 2013). Analysis of the current environment of operation has little influence over decisions made. This strategy relies heavily on assumptions in coming up with strategies. It is run by the senior management who stick to the culture of the entity. Strategy as design This approach views strategy development as a design. It asserts that strategy development is a logical process. The opportunities and constraints of an entity are carefully determined through analytical and evaluative techniques e.g. the SWOT analysis. After considering the forces that influence the organization, a strategic plan is established (Jackson, 2014, p. 56) This perspective considers strategy as a carefully thought out plan, a result of logical and analytical planning. The strategy is therefore planned at the senior managerial level then trickle down to the lower hierarchical levels, after which it is implemented. Viewed in its totality, it is similar to the deliberate planning process. This lens, suggests that strategies should be established after evaluating the available resources, the environment of operation visa viz the objectives of the entity. This design is spearheaded by the top management in the organization. This lens views strategy development as innovation and a result of the diversity of ideas. This approach emphasizes the need for promoting diversity in organizations. This will largely lead to a generation of new and diverse ideas. This view is fundamental since the people involved in the day to day running of the organization will have an opportunity to table their ideas(Ngeleza, 2012). This arrests the view that new ideas are not often generated by the senior management. Since people who carry out their jobs every day meet challenges in their line of duty, the dynamism in the environment is best understood by them. They are of help in coming up with original ideas that shall help deal with their immediate responsibilities. This approach relies on radical new ideas that come from people who bear responsibility in the organization. They all compete for the support of the management, this makes individuals come up with well thought out ideas that will win the confidence of the managerial staff who will finally see it implemented(Steiner, 2015). Strategy as a discourse This lens views strategy in terms of communication. The language is seen as a resource used by executives to shape strategic analysis to their personal views. It enables managers to develop and sustain the power that establishes their legitimacy. In this, they gain influence. Kind of planning has its own shortcomings. According to Steiner, (2015), this design is inaccurate as top-level management are not in touch with the daily developments. The general landscape of business and the environment of operation is dynamic. Whereas it may serve as to caution against losses based on managers past experiences, there are chances that changes which occur often in the business environment may have slipped their attention. Sticking to this strategy may disastrous. Developments that require the drastic change in strategies may remain unaddressed since the organization is not flexible to accommodate new strategies. This model, therefore, makes the management to be rigid and very conservative. The decisions are made with little reference to evaluating the current business environment and analyzing the company's, resources. Strategy as experience is embedded with the risk of failing to act and adjust according to environmental changes since strategies are based on past experiences. In view of strategy as ideas, everyone in the organization has an opportunity to air his ideas, in the event that managers have their favorite colleagues; the organization may easily be swayed in a given school of thought. This can disadvantage the organization especially if the same has come from one who is not professionally trained in the given field of concern. Supremacy battles can be waged between employees as everyone would be lobbying for their favorite theory to win the managerial confidence. This will affect the unity of the organization (Dransfield, 2012) Some ideas that emerge from the propagators may not have the adequate scholarly back up as some may be limited to a company's operation. This makes it difficult for an authoritative scientific analysis. It may result in trial and error of ideas. Strategy as a design is a rigid strategy to well-structured hierarchical organizations. In entities where the senior managers do not give instructions to employees, this design will not achieve the set objectives, given that the executive develops and follow it to its implementation. Conclusion Organizations are dynamic entities. Studies show that companies that plan are more successful than those that dont plan. In relation to the three lenses of strategy development, for the management to realize the set objectives, a clear-cut model has to be established. The pattern of activities adapted to organizations resources and operations is necessary. Strategies focus the organizations to look ahead as it provides direction. It is evident that no single strategy will guarantee success. It is prudent for organizations to blend the three strategic lenses in developing plans. Strategy as a design, when well thought out and implemented should form the backbone of our strategies as we use the other models to blend and come up with a super strategy. References Adner, R., 2012. The Wide Lenses: A New Strategy for Innovation. New York: Penguin. Betts, R. K., 2014. Lenses and Landmarks. Princeton: Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University. Dransfield, R., 2012. Corporate Strategy. Chicago: Heinemann. Dransfield, R. Needham, D., 2014. Business Studies. Fourth ed. New York: Penguin. Freedman, L., 2013. Strategy: A History. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. Jackson, D., 2014. Essential to strategic management. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Ngeleza, B., 2012. A Critique Of Prescriptive Views In Strategic Management. Research Gate, IV(10), pp. 1-2. Steiner, G. A., 2014. Strategic Planning. New York: Simon and Schuster. Steiner, G. A., 2015. Essentials of Strategic Planning. New York: Simon and Schuster. Whittington, R., Johnson, G. Kevan, S., 2013. Educational Leadership: Context, Strategy, and Collaboration. New York: CRC Press.